Doughty Shannon S, Anderson Cynthia M, Doughty Adam H, Williams Dean C, Saunders Kathryn J
West Virginia University, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2007 May;87(3):325-36. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2007.39-05.
The purpose of this experiment was to establish discriminative control of responding by an antecedent stimulus using differential punishment because the results of past studies on this topic have been mixed. Three adults with mental retardation who exhibited stereotypy not maintained by social consequences (i.e., automatic reinforcement) participated. For each subject, stereotypy occurred frequently in the presence of a stimulus correlated with nonpunishment of stereotypy and rarely, if ever, in the presence of a stimulus correlated with punishment of stereotypy. Latency measures showed that the antecedent stimulus correlated with punishment served as the discriminative stimulus for the suppression of stereotypy. These results are important insofar as they show that discriminative control by an antecedent stimulus develops with punishment, and because it sometimes may be desirable to establish such control of socially inappropriate behavior.
本实验的目的是通过差别性惩罚，利用先行刺激建立对反应的辨别性控制，因为过去关于该主题的研究结果不一。三名患有智力障碍且表现出不受社会后果维持的刻板行为（即自动强化）的成年人参与了实验。对于每个受试者，刻板行为在与刻板行为不被惩罚相关的刺激出现时频繁发生，而在与刻板行为受到惩罚相关的刺激出现时很少发生（如果曾经发生过的话）。潜伏期测量表明，与惩罚相关的先行刺激充当了抑制刻板行为的辨别性刺激。这些结果很重要，因为它们表明通过惩罚可以发展出先行刺激的辨别性控制，并且有时可能希望建立对社会不适当行为的这种控制。
