Osenbrück Karsten, Gläser Hans-Reinhard, Knöller Kay, Weise Stephan M, Möder Monika, Wennrich Rainer, Schirmer Mario, Reinstorf Frido, Busch Wolfgang, Strauch Gerhard
UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Water Res. 2007 Aug;41(15):3259-70. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.014. Epub 2007 May 18.
In this study, we used isotopic (delta18O, delta2H, delta34S-SO4) and chemical tracers (boron) to assess the sources and transport processes of the micropollutants carbamazepine, galaxolide, and bisphenol A in groundwater underlying the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. Their ubiquitous presence in urban groundwater results from a combination of local river water infiltration, sewer exfiltration, and urban stormwater recharge. Attenuation during transport with infiltrating river water increased from carbamazepine (0-60%) to galaxolide (60-80%) in accordance with their increasing sorption affinity and decreasing recalcitrance against biodegradation. Distinctly higher attenuation during transport was found for carbamazepine (85-100%) and galaxolide (95-100%) if micropollutants originated from sewer exfiltration. Most likely, this is related to higher contents of organic matter and higher transit times of the respective flow paths. Although attenuation undoubtedly also affects the transport of bisphenol A, quantification is limited due to additional contributions from the urban stormwater recharge. As a consequence, micropollutant loads in groundwater indicate that groundwater discharge may dominate the export of bisphenol A from urban areas.
在本研究中，我们使用同位素（δ¹⁸O、δ²H、δ³⁴S - SO₄）和化学示踪剂（硼）来评估德国哈雷（萨勒）市地下水中微量污染物卡马西平、佳乐麝香和双酚A的来源及迁移过程。它们在城市地下水中普遍存在是由当地河水入渗、污水外渗和城市雨水补给共同造成的。随着它们吸附亲和力的增加和对生物降解抗性的降低，在随入渗河水迁移过程中的衰减程度从卡马西平（0 - 60%）增加到佳乐麝香（60 - 80%）。如果微量污染物源自污水外渗，卡马西平（85 - 100%）和佳乐麝香（95 - 100%）在迁移过程中的衰减明显更高。这很可能与各水流路径中更高的有机物含量和更长的停留时间有关。尽管衰减无疑也会影响双酚A的迁移，但由于城市雨水补给的额外贡献，其定量分析受到限制。因此，地下水中微量污染物的负荷表明，地下水排放可能主导城市地区双酚A的输出。
