Ceci Stephen J, Papierno Paul B, Kulkofsky Sarah
Department of Human Development, Cornell University, NY 14853, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Jun;18(6):503-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01930.x.
In a multistage experiment, twelve 4- and 9-year-old children participated in a triad rating task. Their ratings were mapped with multidimensional scaling, from which euclidean distances were computed to operationalize semantic distance between items in target pairs. These children and age-mates then participated in an experiment that employed these target pairs in a story, which was followed by a misinformation manipulation. Analyses linked individual and developmental differences in suggestibility to children's representations of the target items. Semantic proximity was a strong predictor of differences in suggestibility: The closer a suggested distractor was to the original item's representation, the greater was the distractor's suggestive influence. The triad participants' semantic proximity subsequently served as the basis for correctly predicting memory performance in the larger group. Semantic proximity enabled a priori counterintuitive predictions of reverse age-related trends to be confirmed whenever the distance between representations of items in a target pair was greater for younger than for older children.
在一项多阶段实验中，12名4岁和9岁的儿童参与了一项三元组评级任务。他们的评级通过多维标度法进行映射，从中计算欧几里得距离以衡量目标对中项目之间的语义距离。这些儿童和同龄人随后参与了一项实验，该实验在一个故事中使用了这些目标对，之后进行了错误信息操纵。分析将易受暗示性的个体差异和发展差异与儿童对目标项目的表征联系起来。语义接近度是易受暗示性差异的一个强有力的预测指标：一个被暗示的干扰项与原始项目表征越接近，该干扰项的暗示影响就越大。三元组参与者的语义接近度随后成为正确预测更大群体记忆表现的基础。每当目标对中项目表征之间的距离对于年幼儿童比年长儿童更大时，语义接近度就能证实对与年龄相关的反向趋势的先验反直觉预测。
