Yelland Lisa N, Burns Jaimi P, Sims D Noel, Salter Amy B, White Jason M
Discipline of Public Health, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
Forensic Sci Int. 2008 Feb 25;175(1):65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.05.011. Epub 2007 Jun 26.
Calculation of a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at the time of an offence by forward or back-extrapolation, using population average values for ethanol pharmacokinetic parameters or a single estimate of individual specific parameters, ignores the possibility of inter- and intra-subject variability. In order to estimate inter- and intra-subject variability in the elimination rate and absorption rate, BAC was measured over time in 12 male volunteers on 4 occasions. Subjects received 0.44 g kg(-1) body weight of ethanol on the first study day, and 0.70 g kg(-1) body weight on subsequent study days 1, 11 and 12 weeks later, to enable comparisons in variability over short and long time periods and when the same or different doses were administered. Evidence of both inter- and intra-subject variability was found, with inter-subject variability substantially smaller than intra-subject variability when the dose varied. Forensically important differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were observed within individuals between occasions. These findings could have an important impact on medico-legal issues related to ethanol pharmacokinetics.
通过向前或向后外推法，利用乙醇药代动力学参数的总体平均值或个体特定参数的单一估计值来计算犯罪时的血液酒精浓度（BAC），忽略了个体间和个体内变异性的可能性。为了估计消除率和吸收率的个体间和个体内变异性，对12名男性志愿者在4个不同时间点进行了随时间的BAC测量。在第一个研究日，受试者接受0.44 g/kg体重的乙醇，在随后第1、11和12周的研究日接受0.70 g/kg体重的乙醇，以便比较短时间和长时间内以及给予相同或不同剂量时的变异性。发现了个体间和个体内变异性的证据，当剂量变化时，个体间变异性明显小于个体内变异性。在不同时间点观察到个体内药代动力学参数存在对法医学有重要意义的差异。这些发现可能对与乙醇药代动力学相关的法医学问题产生重要影响。
