von Knorring A L, Hallman J, von Knorring L, Oreland L
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1991;26(4):409-16. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a045132.
Earlier studies have identified at least two distinct subtypes of alcoholism. Type 2 is characterised by high heritability, early onset, frequent social complications and mixed misuse. With regard to temperament, the type 2 alcoholics score high in impulsiveness and sensation-seeking behaviour. Type 1 alcoholics have a later onset, lower degree of heritability and rarely there is misuse of illegal drugs. In the present study, 37 type 1 and 62 type 2 male alcoholics were compared with 36 male controls with regard to platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, which is a stable biological marker, inversely correlated to personality traits such as impulsiveness and sensation seeking. The platelet MAO activity was found to be lower in type 2 alcoholics when compared both with healthy controls and with type 1 alcoholics. Also, the type 1 alcoholics had lower platelet MAO activity than the controls. The result confirms a previous study and validates the subclassification of alcoholism according to the type 1 and 2 concept. This should be of value for future studies concerning etiology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention of alcoholism.
早期研究已经确定了至少两种不同类型的酒精中毒。2型酒精中毒的特点是遗传度高、发病早、频繁出现社会并发症以及多种物质滥用。在气质方面，2型酗酒者在冲动性和寻求刺激行为方面得分较高。1型酗酒者发病较晚，遗传度较低，很少滥用非法药物。在本研究中，将37名1型男性酗酒者和62名2型男性酗酒者与36名男性对照组在血小板单胺氧化酶（MAO）活性方面进行了比较，血小板单胺氧化酶是一种稳定的生物学标志物，与冲动性和寻求刺激等人格特质呈负相关。结果发现，与健康对照组和1型酗酒者相比，2型酗酒者的血小板MAO活性较低。此外，1型酗酒者的血小板MAO活性也低于对照组。该结果证实了之前的一项研究，并验证了根据1型和2型概念对酒精中毒进行的分类。这对于未来有关酒精中毒的病因学、流行病学、治疗和预防的研究应该具有价值。
