Gu Wenjia, Rennie Kirsten L, Lin Xu, Wang Yanfang, Yu Zhijie
Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Tai-Yuan Rd., Shanghai, 200031, China.
Bone. 2007 Sep;41(3):393-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.05.010. Epub 2007 Jun 5.
Few studies have investigated differences in bone health and associated lifestyle factors between urban and rural populations in countries, such as China, undergoing rapid nutrition transition. Such a study may help to identify risk factors of osteoporosis and provide evidence for future preventive strategies.
To determine primarily whether differences in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) exist between urban and rural Chinese men and women and secondly whether any urban-rural differences could be explained by body size or lifestyle factors.
In total, 490 men and 689 women aged 50-70 were included in the study. 535 of them were from urban Shanghai and 644 from surrounding rural areas. Anthropometric measurements were conducted and spine lumber 1-4 BMC measurements were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Information on socioeconomic status, medical history, smoking and drinking habits and physical activity were collected.
Urban men and women had significantly higher spine BMC, BMD and bone area than their rural counterparts (P<0.01). After controlling body size, the differences between urban-rural spine BMC and BMD remained in women (P<0.001), but were no longer significant in men. The urban and rural differences of BMC and BMD in women could not be explained by including the lifestyle factors such as income, intake of milk, vitamin D and calcium, total physical activity level, walking and social activity.
This study found the significant differences in both spine BMC and BMD between urban and rural men and women in Shanghai, China. This difference could be explained by the body size in men; however, it remained unexplained in women after adjusting for body size and certain lifestyle risk factors.
在中国等正经历快速营养转型的国家，很少有研究调查城乡人口在骨骼健康及相关生活方式因素方面的差异。这样的研究可能有助于识别骨质疏松的风险因素，并为未来的预防策略提供证据。
首先确定中国城乡男性和女性在骨矿物质含量（BMC）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）上是否存在差异，其次确定城乡差异是否可以由体型或生活方式因素来解释。
该研究共纳入490名男性和689名50 - 70岁的女性。其中535人来自上海市区，644人来自周边农村地区。进行了人体测量，并通过双能X线吸收法（DEXA）测定了腰椎1 - 4的BMC。收集了社会经济状况、病史、吸烟和饮酒习惯以及身体活动方面的信息。
城市男性和女性的脊柱BMC、BMD和骨面积显著高于农村同龄人（P<0.01）。在控制体型后，城乡脊柱BMC和BMD在女性中仍存在差异（P<0.001），但在男性中不再显著。女性BMC和BMD的城乡差异无法通过纳入收入、牛奶、维生素D和钙的摄入量、总体身体活动水平、步行和社交活动等生活方式因素来解释。
本研究发现中国上海城乡男性和女性在脊柱BMC和BMD方面均存在显著差异。这种差异在男性中可以由体型来解释；然而，在调整体型和某些生活方式风险因素后，女性中的差异仍无法解释。
