Lewis Barbara A, Kirchner H Lester, Short Elizabeth J, Minnes Sonia, Weishampel Paul, Satayathum Sudtida, Singer Lynn T
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120(1):e78-85. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2563.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal cocaine and polydrug exposure on language development of preschool children using a prospective longitudinal model, controlling for confounders.
Children who were exposed to cocaine in utero (n = 209) and nonexposed children (n = 189) were followed prospectively at birth and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 years of age and were compared on receptive, expressive, and total language scores across time using random coefficient models, controlling for confounders.
A significant, stable effect of cocaine exposure on language development was observed over time for all language domains, with cocaine exposure related to poorer language performance. Cigarette exposure was related to lower receptive language scores. Environmental influences on language scores were also observed. Both the cocaine-exposed and nonexposed children declined in language performance over time.
Prenatal cocaine exposure has a stable negative effect on language skills during the first 6 years of life. Both cocaine-exposed and nonexposed children showed decreased language growth over time; however, cocaine-exposed children demonstrated linguistic deficits compared with nonexposed peers and did not catch up. Cigarette and environmental influences were also noted.
本研究的目的是使用前瞻性纵向模型，在控制混杂因素的情况下，研究产前可卡因和多种药物暴露对学龄前儿童语言发育的影响。
对子宫内暴露于可卡因的儿童（n = 209）和未暴露儿童（n = 189）在出生时以及1、2、4和6岁时进行前瞻性跟踪，并使用随机系数模型在控制混杂因素的情况下，对不同时间点的接受性、表达性和总语言得分进行比较。
随着时间的推移，在所有语言领域均观察到可卡因暴露对语言发育有显著且稳定的影响，可卡因暴露与较差的语言表现相关。香烟暴露与较低的接受性语言得分相关。还观察到环境对语言得分的影响。随着时间的推移，暴露于可卡因的儿童和未暴露儿童的语言表现均有所下降。
产前可卡因暴露在生命的前6年对语言技能有稳定的负面影响。随着时间的推移，暴露于可卡因的儿童和未暴露儿童的语言发展均有所减缓；然而，与未暴露的同龄人相比，暴露于可卡因的儿童表现出语言缺陷，且未出现追赶现象。还注意到香烟和环境的影响。
