Konnopka Alexander, König Hans-Helmut
Health Economics Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 20, Leipzig, Germany.
Pharmacoeconomics. 2007;25(7):605-18. doi: 10.2165/00019053-200725070-00006.
To estimate the direct and indirect costs of morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol consumption in Germany from a societal perspective in 2002.
Using the concept of attributable risks and the prevalence-based approach, age- and gender-specific alcohol-attributable fractions for morbidity and mortality were calculated for alcoholic disorder, neoplasms, endocrinological, nervous, circulatory, digestive, skin and perinatal disorders, and injuries and poisonings. The literature provided data on alcohol consumption in Germany by age, gender and dose amount, and relative risks. Direct costs were calculated based on routine resource utilisation and expenditure statistics. Indirect costs were calculated based on the human capital approach using a discount rate of 5%.
Alcohol consumption accounted for 5.5% of all deaths and 970,000 years of potential life lost. Total costs were euro24,398 million, amounting to 1.16% of Germany's GDP, or euro296 per person. Direct medical and non-medical costs were euro8441 million. Indirect costs were euro15,957 million (69% mortality and 31% morbidity costs). In contrast, protective health effects of alcohol consumption saved euro4839 million.
The magnitude of alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality and associated costs demands more preventive efforts.
从社会角度估算2002年德国因饮酒导致的发病和死亡的直接和间接成本。
运用归因风险概念和基于患病率的方法，计算了酒精性障碍、肿瘤、内分泌、神经、循环、消化、皮肤和围产期疾病以及损伤和中毒等疾病在发病和死亡方面按年龄和性别划分的酒精归因比例。文献提供了德国按年龄、性别和饮酒量以及相对风险划分的酒精消费数据。直接成本基于常规资源利用和支出统计数据进行计算。间接成本基于人力资本法，采用5%的贴现率进行计算。
饮酒导致的死亡占总死亡人数的5.5%，潜在寿命损失97万年。总成本为243.98亿欧元，占德国国内生产总值的1.16%，即人均296欧元。直接医疗和非医疗成本为84.41亿欧元。间接成本为159.57亿欧元（死亡成本占69%，发病成本占31%）。相比之下，饮酒对健康的保护作用节省了48.39亿欧元。
酒精导致的发病和死亡规模以及相关成本需要加大预防力度。
