Popper Arthur N, Halvorsen Michele B, Kane Andrew, Miller Diane L, Smith Michael E, Song Jiakun, Stein Peter, Wysocki Lidia E
Department of Biology and Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Jul;122(1):623-35. doi: 10.1121/1.2735115.
This study investigated the effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of exposure to high-intensity, low-frequency sonar using an element of the standard Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (LFA) sonar source array. Effects of the LFA sonar on hearing were tested using auditory brainstem responses. Effects were also examined on inner ear morphology using scanning electron microscopy and on nonauditory tissues using general pathology and histopathology. Animals were exposed to a maximum received rms sound pressure level of 193 dB re 1 microPa(2) for 324 or 648 s, an exposure that is far in excess of any exposure a fish would normally encounter in the wild. The most significant effect was a 20-dB auditory threshold shift at 400 Hz. However, the results varied with different groups of trout, suggesting developmental and/or genetic impacts on how sound exposure affects hearing. There was no fish mortality during or after exposure. Sensory tissue of the inner ears did not show morphological damage even several days post-sound exposure. Similarly, gross- and histopathology observations demonstrated no effects on nonauditory tissues.
本研究使用标准监视拖曳阵列传感器系统低频有源（LFA）声纳源阵列的一个部件，调查了高强度、低频声纳对虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）的影响。使用听觉脑干反应测试了LFA声纳对听力的影响。还使用扫描电子显微镜检查了对内耳形态的影响，并使用普通病理学和组织病理学检查了对非听觉组织的影响。将动物暴露于最大均方根声压级为193分贝（相对于1微帕斯卡²）的环境中324或648秒，这种暴露远远超过鱼类在野外通常会遇到的任何暴露水平。最显著的影响是在400赫兹时听觉阈值偏移20分贝。然而，不同组的鳟鱼结果有所不同，这表明发育和/或遗传因素对声音暴露如何影响听力有影响。暴露期间及之后均未出现鱼类死亡。即使在声音暴露数天后，内耳的感觉组织也未显示出形态损伤。同样，大体病理学和组织病理学观察表明对非听觉组织没有影响。
