氧化应激生物标志物和重金属水平作为尼日利亚奥贡河非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）环境污染指标的研究
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from Nigeria Ogun River.
作者信息
Farombi E O, Adelowo O A, Ajimoko Y R
机构信息
Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2007 Jun;4(2):158-65. doi: 10.3390/ijerph2007040011.
Levels of Zn, Cu, Cd, As, and Pb in the kidney, Liver, Gills and Heart of African cat fish (Clarias gariepinus) from the Ogun River in Ogun State located close to six major industries in the South Western part of Nigeria, were determined using Bulk Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Fishes were also collected from Government owned fish farm in Agodi, Ibadan which was considered a reference site. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) concentration and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were also determined. The trend of accumulation of the metals in the organs is as follows: Heart - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Gills - Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As; Kidney - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd; Liver - Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd. The order of concentration of the metals in the organs is as follows: Arsenite - Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Zinc - Gills > Liver > Kidney > Heart; Lead- Liver > Kidney > Gills > Heart; Copper- Kidney > Liver > Gills > Heart; Cadmium > Liver > Gills > Kidney > Heart. The levels of heavy metals ranged between 0.25- 8.96 ppm in the heart, 0.69- 19.05 ppm in the kidneys, 2.10-19.75 ppm in the liver and 1.95-20.35 ppm in the gills. SOD activity increased by 61% in the liver, 50% in the kidney and in the heart by 28 % while a significant decrease (44%) was observed in the gill of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river compared to that Agodi fish farm (P<0.001). On the contrary there was 46%, 41%, 50% and 19% decrease in CAT activity in the liver, kidney, gills and heart respectively. The levels of GST activities in the liver, kidney and heart of Clarias gariepinus from Ogun river increased by 62%, 72% and 37% respectively (P<0.001) whereas there was a significant decrease (41%) in the gills (P<0.05) compared to that from the Agodi fish farm. GSH concentration increased by 81%, 83% and 53% in the liver, kidney and heart respectively but decreased by 44% in the gills. MDA levels of Clarias gariepinus were significantly (P<0.001) elevated in the liver, kidney, gills and heart by 177%, 102%, 168% and 71% respectively compared to that from Agodi fish farm. Overall, the results demonstrate that alteration in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione system and induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of heavy metals which may cause oxidative stress in the Clarias gariepinus from Ogun River. The study therefore provides a rational use of biomarkers of oxidative stress in biomonitoring of aquatic pollution.
使用博科科学原子吸收分光光度计测定了来自尼日利亚西南部靠近六大主要工业的奥贡州奥贡河的非洲鲶鱼（Clarias gariepinus）的肾脏、肝脏、鳃和心脏中锌、铜、镉、砷和铅的含量。还从伊巴丹阿戈迪的政府所有的养鱼场收集了鱼类，该养鱼场被视为参考地点。另外还测定了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶（GST）的活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度以及丙二醛（MDA）的形成情况。金属在器官中的积累趋势如下：心脏 - 锌＞铜＞铅＞砷＞镉；鳃 - 锌＞铜＞铅＞镉＞砷；肾脏 - 锌＞铜＞铅＞砷＞镉；肝脏 - 锌＞铜＞铅＞砷＞镉。金属在器官中的浓度顺序如下：亚砷酸盐 - 肾脏＞肝脏＞鳃＞心脏；锌 - 鳃＞肝脏＞肾脏＞心脏；铅 - 肝脏＞肾脏＞鳃＞心脏；铜 - 肾脏＞肝脏＞鳃＞心脏；镉 - 肝脏＞鳃＞肾脏＞心脏。重金属含量在心脏中为0.25 - 8.96 ppm，在肾脏中为0.69 - 19.05 ppm，在肝脏中为2.10 - 19.75 ppm，在鳃中为1.95 - 20.35 ppm。与阿戈迪养鱼场的非洲鲶鱼相比，奥贡河的非洲鲶鱼肝脏中的SOD活性增加了61%，肾脏中增加了50%，心脏中增加了28%，而鳃中则显著下降（44%）（P<0.001）。相反，肝脏、肾脏、鳃和心脏中的CAT活性分别下降了46%、41%、50%和19%。奥贡河非洲鲶鱼肝脏、肾脏和心脏中的GST活性分别增加了62%、72%和37%（P<0.001），而与阿戈迪养鱼场的相比，鳃中的GST活性显著下降（41%）（P<0.05）。GSH浓度在肝脏、肾脏和心脏中分别增加了81%、83%和53%，但在鳃中下降了44%。与阿戈迪养鱼场的相比，奥贡河非洲鲶鱼肝脏、肾脏、鳃和心脏中的MDA水平分别显著升高（P<0.001）177%、102%、168%和71%。总体而言，结果表明抗氧化酶、谷胱甘肽系统的改变以及脂质过氧化的诱导反映了重金属的存在，这可能会对奥贡河的非洲鲶鱼造成氧化应激。因此，该研究为在水生污染生物监测中合理使用氧化应激生物标志物提供了依据。
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