Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
Parasitol Res. 2020 Sep;119(9):2783-2798. doi: 10.1007/s00436-020-06813-1. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
Due to the increasing consumption of platinum (Pt), especially in automobile exhaust catalysts, environmental concentrations of Pt are of emerging concern worldwide. Limited information exists on environmental concentrations, particularly in Pt mining regions, while South Africa is the world's main supplier of Pt. Moreover, other metals are also released as by-products of Pt mining, which might also cause environmental concern. Certain fish parasite taxa have the ability to accumulate metals orders of magnitude higher than their hosts and can be used to reliably detect metals with naturally low abundance. Studies on Pt accumulation in parasite-host systems are limited. Therefore, the aims of the present study were (1) to determine the accumulation of a variety of metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), platinum (Pt), and zinc (Zn)) in helminth fish parasites compared with their hosts from a reference site and an impoundment impacted by Pt mining activities; (2) to assess whether there is a difference between bioaccumulation of metals in infected and uninfected hosts, as well as between hosts with different infection intensities; and (3) to compare the biomarker responses (acetylcholine esterase activity (AChE), metallothionein content (MT), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione content (GSH), malondialdehyde content (MDA), protein carbonyls induction (PC), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and cellular energy allocation (CEA)) between infected and uninfected hosts. The cestode Atractolytocestus huronensis accumulated significantly higher concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pt than their host Cyprinus carpio, while the nematode Contracaecum sp. accumulated significantly higher concentrations of Pt and Zn than their host Clarias gariepinus. Infected fish showed lower metal concentrations compared to uninfected fish, while the parasites had no significant effects on their hosts' biomarker responses. The parasites demonstrated the bioavailability of metals derived from Pt mining activities and their ability to resist its toxic effects. Thus, these parasites are promising sensitive accumulation indicators for Cr, Ni, Pb, and Pt contaminations from Pt mining activities.
由于铂金(Pt)的消耗量不断增加,特别是在汽车尾气催化剂中,全球范围内对环境中 Pt 浓度的关注日益增加。关于环境浓度的信息有限,特别是在 Pt 矿区,而南非是世界上主要的 Pt 供应国。此外,Pt 开采的副产品还会释放出其他金属,这也可能引起环境关注。某些鱼类寄生虫类群具有积累金属的能力,其金属积累量比宿主高出几个数量级,可用于可靠地检测自然丰度较低的金属。关于寄生虫-宿主系统中 Pt 积累的研究有限。因此,本研究的目的是:(1)确定从参考点和受 Pt 开采活动影响的水坝中,与宿主相比,寄生虫鱼类寄生虫中多种金属(镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、铂(Pt)和锌(Zn))的积累情况;(2)评估感染和未感染宿主之间以及不同感染强度宿主之间金属生物积累是否存在差异;(3)比较感染和未感染宿主之间的生物标志物反应(乙酰胆碱酯酶活性(AChE)、金属硫蛋白含量(MT)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)、丙二醛含量(MDA)、蛋白质羰基诱导(PC)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)和细胞能量分配(CEA))。绦虫 Atractolytocestus huronensis 比宿主鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)积累了明显更高浓度的 Cr、Ni 和 Pt,而线虫 Contracaecum sp. 比宿主非洲鲶(Clarias gariepinus)积累了明显更高浓度的 Pt 和 Zn。感染鱼类的金属浓度低于未感染鱼类,而寄生虫对宿主的生物标志物反应没有显著影响。这些寄生虫表现出了对 Pt 开采活动中衍生金属的生物可利用性,以及对其毒性的抵抗力。因此,这些寄生虫是探测 Pt 开采活动中 Cr、Ni、Pb 和 Pt 污染的有前途的敏感积累指标。