Hillis Argye E
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
Neurology. 2007 Jul 10;69(2):200-13. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000265600.69385.6f.
In the last 25 years, characterization of aphasia has shifted from descriptions of the language tasks that are impaired by brain damage to identification of the disrupted cognitive processes underlying language. At the same time advances in technology, including functional imaging, electrophysiologic studies, perfusion imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, have led to new insights regarding the relationships between language and the brain. These insights, together with computational models of language processes, converge on the view that a given language task relies on a complex set of cognitive processes and representations carried out by an intricate network of neural regions working together. Recovery from aphasia depends on restoration of tissue function or reorganization of the cognitive/neural network underlying language, which can be facilitated by a number of diverse interventions. The original research by the author reported in this article was supported by NIH R01 DC05375.
在过去25年里，失语症的特征描述已从对因脑损伤而受损的语言任务的描述，转变为对语言背后被破坏的认知过程的识别。与此同时，包括功能成像、电生理研究、灌注成像、扩散张量成像和经颅磁刺激在内的技术进步，带来了关于语言与大脑之间关系的新见解。这些见解，连同语言过程的计算模型，都趋向于这样一种观点，即给定的语言任务依赖于由相互协作的复杂神经区域网络执行的一组复杂认知过程和表征。失语症的恢复取决于组织功能的恢复或语言背后认知/神经网络的重组，多种不同的干预措施可以促进这种恢复。本文中作者所报告的原创研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院R01 DC05375的支持。
