Watson Patricia E, McDonald Barry W
Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Albany Campus, Private Bag 102-904 NSMC, Auckland, New Zealand.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Aug;32(4):733-42. doi: 10.1139/H07-061.
Activity during pregnancy has health implications for mother and child. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine changes in activity levels during pregnancy; the influence of socioeconomic factors and well-being on activity, and the influence of activity on maternal anthropometric measures and birth outcome. Twenty-four hour activity diaries were collected for 3 d in months 4 and 7 of pregnancy in 197 volunteers. Anthropometric measures and questionnaires to determine personal details were collected at these times and 2 months post-partum. Health records were used to supply infant measures. The time spent on each activity category was calculated, and used to calculate overall daily metabolic equivalents (METs). Low socioeconomic (SES) group 24 h activity levels were significantly higher than for high SES or welfare groups (p = 0.013). Activity declined throughout pregnancy in all groups (p = 0.002). Women with children had higher 24 h activity, spending 41% more time walking and (or) on housework than nulliparous women (p = 0.013). Reduced well-being was associated with lower levels of activity. Sleep and lying down time influenced 2 month post-partum body mass (upper quartile gained 2.54 kg, lower quartile lost 0.24 kg, p < 0.001). Mean infant gestational age increased with increasing 24 h activity (p = 0.047). No infants were born prematurely to mothers who spent more than 190 min/d walking or doing housework activities in month 4. Probability of infant admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) declined with time spent walking or doing housework in month 4 (p = 0.007). Mean (SE) birth weight was 3883 (+/-165) g in the 10% of women spending less than 530 min sleeping or lying down per day, compared with 3413 (+/-104) g in the 10% of women spending 725 min or more sleeping or lying down. Socioeconomic factors were therefore important influences on activity levels during pregnancy. Inactivity, especially in early pregnancy, was associated with more maternal weight retention at 2 months post-partum and a greater probability of admission to NICU and premature delivery.
孕期的活动情况对母亲和孩子的健康都有影响。这项前瞻性队列研究的目的是考察孕期活动水平的变化；社会经济因素和幸福感对活动的影响，以及活动对母亲人体测量指标和分娩结局的影响。在孕期第4个月和第7个月，对197名志愿者连续3天收集24小时活动日记。在这些时间点以及产后2个月收集人体测量指标和用于确定个人详细信息的问卷。使用健康记录来提供婴儿的相关指标。计算每项活动类别所花费的时间，并用于计算总体每日代谢当量（METs）。低社会经济地位（SES）组的24小时活动水平显著高于高SES组或福利组（p = 0.013）。所有组的活动水平在整个孕期都有所下降（p = 0.002）。有孩子的女性24小时活动量更高，步行和（或）做家务的时间比未生育女性多41%（p = 0.013）。幸福感降低与活动水平较低有关。睡眠和躺卧时间影响产后2个月的体重（上四分位数增加2.54千克，下四分位数减少0.24千克，p < 0.001）。平均婴儿胎龄随着24小时活动量的增加而增加（p = 0.047）。在第4个月每天步行或做家务超过190分钟的母亲所生的婴儿没有早产的。第4个月步行或做家务的时间增加，婴儿入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的概率降低（p = 0.007）。每天睡眠或躺卧时间少于530分钟的10%女性的平均（标准误）出生体重为3883（±165）克，而每天睡眠或躺卧时间为725分钟或更长时间的10%女性的平均出生体重为3413（±104）克。因此，社会经济因素是孕期活动水平的重要影响因素。不活动，尤其是在孕早期，与产后2个月母亲更多的体重保留以及更高的入住NICU和早产概率相关。
