Jonke Erwin, Prossinger Hermann, Bookstein Fred L, Schaefer Katrin, Bernhard Markus, Freudenthaler Josef W
Vienna University Clinic of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Jul;132(1):63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.08.040.
Over the last 100 years, Austrian facial form has changed for various reasons, including changes in growth pattern, changes in shape pattern, or a combination of these. In this study, we explored and contrasted these 2 explanations.
We compared cephalograms from 54 recruits in the present-day Austrian Federal Army to those from 49 dry skulls of soldiers from the Imperial Hapsburg army. Body height was measured or acquired from military records. Forty-three landmarks were located on each lateral cephalogram. Secular change and growth allometry were analyzed with standard Procrustes methods.
Body height correlated only weakly with size of the facial skull in these samples, and secular change in facial size (4.5% over a century) was proportionately less than that in height. Growth allometry was nearly unchanged over the century, emphasizing the typical changes of vertical to horizontal proportions and bimaxillary prognathism. Secular changes over the century took the form of far more localized remodeling around the coronoid process and the anterior maxilla. The large-scale differences, in contrast, were opposite to those one would expect from the size change.
The observed trends shed considerable light on secular changes in the range of dysmorphologies for clinical orthodontic correction. At the same time, the dissociation between within-century and between-century allometry is an important possibility that was hitherto typically observed only at far greater time scales than the 150 years spanned by these data.
在过去的100年里，奥地利人的面部形态因多种原因发生了变化，包括生长模式的改变、形状模式的改变或两者的结合。在本研究中，我们探讨并对比了这两种解释。
我们将当今奥地利联邦军队中54名新兵的头颅侧位片与哈布斯堡帝国军队49名士兵的干燥头骨的头颅侧位片进行了比较。身高通过测量或从军事记录中获取。在每张头颅侧位片上确定了43个标志点。使用标准的普氏分析方法分析了长期变化和生长异速生长。
在这些样本中，身高与面颅骨大小的相关性较弱，面部大小的长期变化（一个世纪内为4.5%）按比例小于身高的变化。在这一个世纪里，生长异速生长几乎没有变化，强调了垂直与水平比例以及双颌前突的典型变化。一个世纪以来的长期变化表现为冠突和上颌前部周围更局部的重塑。相比之下，大规模差异与预期的大小变化相反。
观察到的趋势为临床正畸矫正中畸形范围的长期变化提供了相当多的见解。同时，世纪内和世纪间异速生长之间的分离是一种重要的可能性，迄今为止通常仅在比这些数据所涵盖的150年长得多的时间尺度上观察到。
