Sundborn Gerhard, Metcalf Patricia, Scragg Robert, Schaaf David, Dyall Lorna, Gentles Dudley, Black Peter, Jackson Rodney
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland.
N Z Med J. 2007 Jun 29;120(1257):U2607.
To estimate the prevalence of new and known diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) by ethnic group in Auckland.
The Diabetes Heart and Health Survey (DHAH) was a cross-sectional population based survey and was carried out in Auckland between January 2002 and December 2003, inclusive. Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire to assess whether they had previously diagnosed diabetes. Those participants who were not previously diagnosed with diabetes were then given a glucose tolerance test (GTT) to determine diabetes status.
Of the total sample 6.7% were previously diagnosed (known) with type 2 diabetes, and a further 2.6% were newly diagnosed. Within the ethnic groups Europeans had the lowest level of both new and known diabetes followed by Maori and then Pacific people (mostly of Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, or Cook Islands origin). The proportions of new/known diabetes by ethnicity were 1.8%/3.9% for Europeans, 3.8%/12.0% for Maori, and 4.0%/19.5% for Pacific. Only Pacific were found to have a significantly greater relative risk (RR) than Europeans of being newly diagnosed with diabetes, particularly in the <45 (RR 11.6), and 45-54 year (RR 4.2) age groups. Compared to Europeans, Maori had a significantly greater risk of known diabetes in the 45-54 (RR 6.4) and 55-64 (RR 4.1) year age groups, while Pacific had a significantly greater risk in all age groups which ranged from RR 2.5 in those aged 65+ to RR 9.3 in the 55-64 year age group. For Europeans and Maori, the greatest proportions of diabetes occurred in the 65+ year age group, however for Pacific this occurred in the 55-64 year age group. IFG levels were only found to be significantly different from Europeans in Maori aged 45-54, and Pacific aged 45-54 and <45 years. IGT levels were only found to be significantly different from Europeans in Pacific aged 45-54 years.
The prevalence of diabetes was 2.8 times greater for Maori, and 4.1 times greater for Pacific compared with Europeans. However for every two European people with previously diagnosed diabetes there was approximately one (0.92) person in the community undiagnosed while for every three Maori people with diagnosed diabetes was one Maori person undiagnosed. For every five Pacific with diagnosed diabetes there was just over one (1.1) Pacific person undiagnosed.
按种族估算奥克兰地区新诊断和已知糖尿病、糖耐量受损（IGT）及空腹血糖受损（IFG）的患病率。
糖尿病心脏与健康调查（DHAH）是一项基于人群的横断面调查，于2002年1月至2003年12月（含）在奥克兰开展。参与者回答一份自填式问卷，以评估他们既往是否被诊断为糖尿病。那些既往未被诊断为糖尿病的参与者随后接受葡萄糖耐量试验（GTT）以确定糖尿病状态。
在总样本中，6.7%既往被诊断（已知）患有2型糖尿病，另有2.6%为新诊断病例。在各民族中，欧洲人新诊断和已知糖尿病的患病率最低，其次是毛利人，然后是太平洋岛民（大多为萨摩亚、汤加、纽埃或库克群岛血统）。按种族划分的新诊断/已知糖尿病比例，欧洲人为1.8%/3.9%，毛利人为3.8%/12.0%，太平洋岛民为4.0%/19.5%。仅发现太平洋岛民新诊断糖尿病的相对风险（RR）显著高于欧洲人，尤其是在年龄小于45岁（RR 11.6）和45 - 54岁（RR 4.2）的年龄组。与欧洲人相比，毛利人在45 - 54岁（RR 6.4）和55 - 64岁（RR 4.1）年龄组已知糖尿病的风险显著更高，而太平洋岛民在所有年龄组的风险均显著更高，从65岁及以上人群的RR 2.5到55 - 64岁年龄组的RR 9.3不等。对于欧洲人和毛利人，糖尿病比例最高的是65岁及以上年龄组，然而对于太平洋岛民，这出现在55 - 64岁年龄组。仅发现45 - 54岁的毛利人、45 - 54岁和小于45岁的太平洋岛民的IFG水平与欧洲人有显著差异。仅发现45 - 54岁的太平洋岛民的IGT水平与欧洲人有显著差异。
与欧洲人相比，毛利人的糖尿病患病率高2.8倍，太平洋岛民高4.1倍。然而，每两个既往被诊断为糖尿病的欧洲人中，社区中约有一人（0.92）未被诊断，而每三个被诊断为糖尿病的毛利人中就有一个毛利人未被诊断。每五个被诊断为糖尿病的太平洋岛民中，就有略多于一个（1.1）太平洋岛民未被诊断。
