Symonds Michael E
Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2007 Aug;66(3):442-50. doi: 10.1017/S002966510700571X.
It is now well established that an imbalance or reduction in the maternal diet either through pregnancy and lactation or at defined time points therein can have long-term effects on cardiovascular and metabolic health in the resulting offspring; the exact outcome varying greatly with the period of development or growth targeted. The EARly Nutrition programming - long-term follow up of Efficacy and Safety Trials and integrated epidemiological, genetic, animal, consumer and economic research (EARNEST), or metabolic programming, project aims to determine the primary physiological and molecular mechanisms that cause long-term changes in both cardiovascular function and metabolic homeostasis. Thereafter, it also aims to examine nutritional interventions that could be adopted in order to overcome such complications. The present review summarises some of the more recent findings from a range of nutritional interventions in both small and large animals that are beginning to uncover novel pathways by which long-term health can be determined. These interventions include nutritional manipulations that can increase or decrease blood pressure in the resulting offspring as well as indicating their dissociation from adaptations in the kidney. Particular emphasis will be placed on growth during lactation in conjunction with the extent to which central and peripheral tissue adaptations can act to amplify, or protect, the offspring from later disease when born to nutritionally-manipulated mothers.
现已充分证实，孕期和哺乳期或其中特定时间点母体饮食的失衡或减少，会对后代的心血管和代谢健康产生长期影响；确切结果会因所针对的发育或生长时期而有很大差异。早期营养编程——早期营养功效与安全性试验长期随访及综合流行病学、遗传学、动物学、消费者和经济学研究（EARNEST），即代谢编程项目，旨在确定导致心血管功能和代谢稳态长期变化的主要生理和分子机制。此后，该项目还旨在研究为克服此类并发症可采用的营养干预措施。本综述总结了一系列针对大小动物的营养干预的一些最新发现，这些发现开始揭示可决定长期健康的新途径。这些干预措施包括可增加或降低后代血压的营养操作，并表明它们与肾脏适应性变化无关。将特别强调哺乳期的生长，以及当出生于营养受操控母亲的后代出生时，中枢和外周组织适应性变化在多大程度上能够放大或保护其免受后期疾病影响。
