Fan Shuyang, Freedman Bill, Gao Jixi
Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 9, Block 4, Renmingnan Road, Chengdu, China 610041.
Environ Manage. 2007 Sep;40(3):504-15. doi: 10.1007/s00267-006-0116-y. Epub 2007 Jul 18.
Because of its large population and rapidly growing economy, China is confronting a serious energy shortage and daunting environmental problems. An increased use of fuels derived from biomass could relieve some demand for nonrenewable sources of energy while providing environmental benefits in terms of cleaner air and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. In 2003, China generated about 25.9 x 10(8) metric tons of industrial waste (liquid + solid), 14.7 x 10(8) metric tons/year (t/y) of manure (livestock + human), 7.1 x 10(8) t/y of crop residues and food-processing byproducts, 2 x 10(8) t/y of fuelwood and wood manufacturing residues, and 1.5 x 10(8) t/y of municipal waste. Biofuels derived from these materials could potentially displace the use of about 4.12 x 10(8) t/y of coal and 3.75 x 10(6) t/y of petroleum. An increased bioenergy use of this magnitude would help to reduce the emissions of key air pollutants: SO(2 )by 11.6 x 10(6) t/y, NO(X) by 1.48 x 10(6) t/y, CO2 by 1.07 x 10(9) t/y, and CH4 by 50 x 10(6) t/y. The reduced SO(2) emissions would be equivalent to 54% of the national emissions in 2003, whereas those for CO2 are 30%. It is important to recognize, however, that large increases in the use of biomass fuels also could result in socioeconomic and environmental problems such as less production of food and damage caused to natural habitats.
由于人口众多且经济快速增长，中国正面临严重的能源短缺和严峻的环境问题。更多地使用源自生物质的燃料，可缓解对不可再生能源的部分需求，同时在改善空气质量和减少温室气体排放方面带来环境效益。2003年，中国产生了约25.9×10⁸公吨的工业废料（液体+固体）、14.7×10⁸公吨/年的粪便（家畜+人类）、7.1×10⁸公吨/年的农作物残余和食品加工副产品、2×10⁸公吨/年的薪材和木材制造残余，以及1.5×10⁸公吨/年的城市垃圾。源自这些材料的生物燃料有可能替代约4.12×10⁸公吨/年的煤炭和3.75×10⁶公吨/年的石油使用。如此大规模地增加生物能源使用，将有助于减少主要空气污染物的排放：二氧化硫每年减少11.6×10⁶公吨、氮氧化物每年减少1.48×10⁶公吨、二氧化碳每年减少1.07×10⁹公吨、甲烷每年减少50×10⁶公吨。减少的二氧化硫排放量相当于2003年全国排放量的54%，而二氧化碳排放量则为30%。然而，必须认识到，大幅增加生物质燃料的使用也可能导致社会经济和环境问题，如粮食产量减少以及对自然栖息地造成破坏。
