Contreras María José, Rubio Victor J, Peña Daniel, Colom Roberto, Santacreu José
Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Mar;35(2):297-303. doi: 10.3758/bf03193450.
Males and females differ in several cognitive abilities, although the largest gap can be found in spatial ability. Some published studies make the claim that performance factors, which can be either subject- or task-related variables, explain these differences. However, previous studies in which performance factors were measured have focused on static spatial tests. Little is known about the role of performance factors in dynamic spatial tasks. In the present study, we analyzed a sample of 2624 university graduates to test the role of three performance factors (response latency, response frequency, and invested time) derived from the Spatial Orientation Dynamic Test-Revised (SODT-R; Santacreu, 1999). The results showed that males and females appear to cope with the dynamic task in different ways. However, males outperformed females even when the effects of the performance factors were partialed out; that is, the assessed performance factors did not explain much of the sex-related variance. Alternative ways of measuring performance factors will be needed if they are to explain sex differences in dynamic spatial ability.
男性和女性在多种认知能力上存在差异，尽管最大的差距体现在空间能力方面。一些已发表的研究声称，表现因素（可以是与受试者或任务相关的变量）能够解释这些差异。然而，以往测量表现因素的研究主要集中在静态空间测试上。对于表现因素在动态空间任务中的作用，我们知之甚少。在本研究中，我们分析了2624名大学毕业生的样本，以测试源自空间定向动态测试修订版（SODT-R；Santacreu，1999）的三个表现因素（反应潜伏期、反应频率和投入时间）的作用。结果表明，男性和女性应对动态任务的方式似乎有所不同。然而，即使排除了表现因素的影响，男性的表现仍优于女性；也就是说，所评估的表现因素并不能解释太多与性别相关的差异。如果要解释动态空间能力中的性别差异，就需要采用其他方式来测量表现因素。
