Stumpf H
Center for Talented Youth, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.
Mem Cognit. 1993 Nov;21(6):828-36. doi: 10.3758/bf03202750.
To explore whether test-taking styles (performance factors) can contribute to explaining gender-related differences on tests of spatial ability, 15 spatial tests were administered to three samples of subjects. On each test, number-correct scores and ratio scores (number of items solved divided by the number of items attempted) were computed. In accordance with previous research findings, the use of ratio scores significantly reduced the magnitude of the gender-related differences on the Mental Rotations Test. For most of the remaining tests, however, the reduction of the gender-related score difference was small. It was concluded that the difference reduction for the Mental Rotations Test was specific to the format of this test. In common spatial tests, performance factors may account for a small portion of gender-related variance, but the bulk of this variance must be attributed to other factors.
为了探究应试风格（表现因素）是否有助于解释空间能力测试中与性别相关的差异，对三组受试者样本进行了15项空间测试。在每项测试中，计算了正确得分和比率得分（解决的项目数除以尝试的项目数）。根据先前的研究结果，比率得分的使用显著降低了心理旋转测试中与性别相关的差异幅度。然而，对于其余的大多数测试，与性别相关的得分差异减少幅度较小。得出的结论是，心理旋转测试的差异减少是该测试形式所特有的。在常见的空间测试中，表现因素可能仅占与性别相关差异的一小部分，但大部分差异必须归因于其他因素。
