Perdue Kathy A, Green Kim Y, Copeland Michelle, Barron Elyssa, Mandel Myrna, Faucette Lawrence J, Williams Elizabeth M, Sosnovtsev Stanislav V, Elkins William R, Ward Jerrold M
Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2007 Jul;46(4):39-45.
Murine norovirus (MNV) is a recently discovered infectious agent in mice and may be the most common naturally occurring infection of laboratory mice in North America. In 2005, we surveyed the Swiss Webster female sentinel mice in our institute's research facilities. Of the 4 facilities surveyed, 3 had sentinel mice that were positive for MNV antibodies, whereas our largest facility (which only receives mice directly from select vendors or by embryo rederivation directly into the facility) was apparently MNV-free. However, testing of sentinel mice in this large facility 1 y later found that 2% of the animals had developed MNV-specific antibodies. In a recently opened fifth facility, a serologic survey in 2006 identified MNV-antibody-positive Tac:SW sentinel mice that had received bedding from experimental mice on the same rack quadrant. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction analysis of feces from the cages of these mice showed evidence for shedding of MNV. These sentinel mice were used to study the fecal excretion, antibody development, gross lesions upon necropsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of the viral infection. None of the MNV-antibody-positive sentinel mice exhibited clinical signs or gross lesions, but these mice excreted virus in feces and developed antibodies to MNV. Histopathologic lesions consisted only of a few hepatic inflammatory foci in each liver section, some of which were immunoreactive with antibodies to MNV. MNV viral antigens also were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
小鼠诺如病毒（MNV）是最近在小鼠中发现的一种感染因子，可能是北美实验室小鼠最常见的自然感染源。2005年，我们对本研究所研究设施中的瑞士韦伯斯特雌性哨兵小鼠进行了调查。在接受调查的4个设施中，有3个设施的哨兵小鼠MNV抗体呈阳性，而我们最大的设施（该设施只直接从特定供应商接收小鼠或通过胚胎重新衍生直接进入该设施）显然没有MNV。然而，1年后对这个大型设施中的哨兵小鼠进行检测发现，2%的动物产生了MNV特异性抗体。在最近启用的第五个设施中，2006年的一项血清学调查发现，在同一架子象限从实验小鼠处获得垫料的Tac:SW哨兵小鼠MNV抗体呈阳性。对这些小鼠笼中粪便进行的逆转录-聚合酶链反应分析显示有MNV排出的证据。这些哨兵小鼠被用于研究病毒感染的粪便排泄、抗体产生、尸检时的大体病变、组织病理学和免疫组织化学。没有一只MNV抗体阳性的哨兵小鼠表现出临床症状或大体病变，但这些小鼠粪便中排出病毒并产生了针对MNV的抗体。组织病理学病变仅包括每个肝脏切片中的一些肝炎症灶，其中一些与MNV抗体发生免疫反应。MNV病毒抗原也存在于肠系膜淋巴结中。
