Ferrara Katherine, Pollard Rachel, Borden Mark
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616-8686, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2007;9:415-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095852.
This review offers a critical analysis of the state of the art of medical microbubbles and their application in therapeutic delivery and monitoring. When driven by an ultrasonic pulse, these small gas bubbles oscillate with a wall velocity on the order of tens to hundreds of meters per second and can be deflected to a vessel wall or fragmented into particles on the order of nanometers. While single-session molecular imaging of multiple targets is difficult with affinity-based strategies employed in some other imaging modalities, microbubble fragmentation facilitates such studies. Similarly, a focused ultrasound beam can be used to disrupt delivery vehicles and blood vessel walls, offering the opportunity to locally deliver a drug or gene. Clinical translation of these vehicles will require that current challenges be overcome, where these challenges include rapid clearance and low payload. The technology, early successes with drug and gene delivery, and potential clinical applications are reviewed.
本综述对医学微泡的技术现状及其在治疗给药和监测中的应用进行了批判性分析。当受到超声脉冲驱动时，这些小气泡会以每秒数十至数百米的壁面速度振荡，并可被偏转到血管壁或破碎成纳米级的颗粒。虽然采用其他一些成像方式中的基于亲和力的策略难以对多个靶点进行单次分子成像，但微泡破碎有助于此类研究。同样，聚焦超声束可用于破坏递送载体和血管壁，从而提供局部递送药物或基因的机会。这些载体的临床转化需要克服当前的挑战，其中包括快速清除和低载药量。本文综述了该技术、药物和基因递送方面的早期成功案例以及潜在的临床应用。
