Booth A, Amato P
Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
J Health Soc Behav. 1991 Dec;32(4):396-407.
While research on adjustment to divorce has been extensive, the paucity of studies assessing stress before and after divorce has kept the relation between psychological stress and martial dissolution unclear. Conflicting findings cast some doubt on the utility of using a crisis model to study divorce. Analysis of three-wave panel data from a national sample of persons married in 1980 indicates that the crisis model is appropriate for understanding adjustment to divorce. Comparisons of divorced persons with married persons show a predivorce rise in stress which then returns to levels comparable to those reported by married individuals. No evidence was found supporting the idea that a high level of psychological stress is a general cause of divorce or that dissolution resulted in more or less permanent elevation of psychological stress. Findings support the hypothesis that predivorce resources and outlooks influence the amount of stress experienced in the two years immediately following divorce. Below median family incomes, no post-high school experience, and wife not in the labor force put divorcing individuals at a disadvantage. Individuals reporting few premarital troubles and beliefs in the immorality of divorce also appear to experience heightened stress in the two years following divorce.
虽然关于离婚调适的研究颇为广泛，但评估离婚前后压力的研究匮乏，这使得心理压力与婚姻解体之间的关系仍不明确。相互矛盾的研究结果让人对运用危机模型研究离婚的效用产生了一些怀疑。对1980年全国范围内已婚人士样本的三波面板数据进行分析表明，危机模型适用于理解离婚调适情况。将离婚人士与已婚人士进行比较发现，离婚前压力会上升，之后又会回到与已婚人士报告的水平相当的程度。没有证据支持以下观点，即高水平的心理压力是离婚的普遍原因，或者婚姻解体导致心理压力或多或少永久性地升高。研究结果支持这样的假设，即离婚前的资源和观念会影响离婚后紧接着两年内所经历的压力程度。家庭收入低于中位数、没有高中后经历以及妻子没有工作，会使离婚人士处于不利地位。报告称婚前麻烦很少且认为离婚不道德的人，在离婚后的两年里似乎也会经历更大的压力。
