Fairén Alfonso
Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
Brain Res Rev. 2007 Oct;55(2):430-44. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jul 13.
This essay explores the contributions to the organization of neuronal microcircuits in the cerebral cortex by Rafael Lorente de Nó, a renowned disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Lorente de Nó was impressed by the advances in functional parcellation of the cerebral cortex, and wished to find an anatomical correlate, not in cytoarchitectonic charts but in the fine details of neurons and (soon) of neuronal circuits within a cortical locale. His early analysis culminated in two major papers in 1933 and 1934: he introduced a hypothetical frame in which to integrate circuit anatomical complexity with the ideas on the physiology of the neuron prevalent at the time. In an interlude (1934-1938), Lorente embarked in studies of neuron physiology that inclined him to a reductionist interpretation of the axon as the main functionally relevant entity of neurons. This essay describes my attempts at tracing the links between the master's tradition, the minutiae in the early Golgi studies by Lorente and his concepts of neurophysiology. These are the bases to approach his final synthesis: The cerebral cortex: architecture, intracortical connections and motor projections, published as an invited chapter in J.F. Fulton's "Physiology of the Nervous System" in 1938.
本文探讨了圣地亚哥·拉蒙·伊·卡哈尔的著名弟子拉斐尔·洛伦特·德·诺对大脑皮质神经元微回路组织的贡献。大脑皮质功能分区的进展给洛伦特·德·诺留下了深刻印象，他希望找到一种解剖学上的对应关系，不是在细胞结构图表中，而是在皮质局部区域内神经元的精细细节以及（很快）神经元回路的精细细节中。他早期的分析在1933年和1934年发表的两篇主要论文中达到了顶峰：他引入了一个假设框架，以便将回路解剖学的复杂性与当时流行的神经元生理学观点相结合。在一个中间阶段（1934 - 1938年），洛伦特开始研究神经元生理学，这使他倾向于将轴突视为神经元主要功能相关实体的还原论解释。本文描述了我试图追溯这位大师的传统、洛伦特早期高尔基研究中的细节以及他的神经生理学概念之间的联系。这些是探讨他最终综合成果的基础：《大脑皮质：结构、皮质内连接和运动投射》，于1938年作为特邀章节发表在J.F.富尔顿的《神经系统生理学》中。
