Born Christopher T, Briggs Susan M, Ciraulo David L, Frykberg Eric R, Hammond Jeffrey S, Hirshberg Asher, Lhowe David W, O'Neill Patricia A, Mead Joann
Orthopaedic Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007 Aug;15(8):461-73. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200708000-00003.
Terrorists' use of explosive, biologic, chemical, and nuclear agents constitutes the potential for catastrophic events. Understanding the unique aspects of these agents can help in preparing for such disasters with the intent of mitigating injury and loss of life. Explosive agents continue to be the most common weapons of terrorists and the most prevalent cause of injuries and fatalities. Knowledge of blast pathomechanics and patterns of injury allows for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. A practical understanding of potential biologic, chemical, and nuclear agents, their attendant clinical symptoms, and recommended management strategies is an important prerequisite for optimal preparation and response to these less frequently used agents of mass casualty. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the principles of management of catastrophic events. Stress is less an issue when one is adequately prepared. Decontamination is essential both to manage victims and prevent further spread of toxic agents to first responders and medical personnel. It is important to assess the risk of potential threats, thereby allowing disaster planning and preparation to be proportional and aligned with the actual casualty event.
恐怖分子使用爆炸物、生物制剂、化学制剂和核制剂有可能引发灾难性事件。了解这些制剂的独特之处有助于为应对此类灾难做好准备，以减轻人员伤亡和生命损失。爆炸物仍然是恐怖分子最常用的武器，也是造成伤亡的最主要原因。掌握爆炸病理力学和损伤模式有助于改进诊断和治疗策略。切实了解潜在的生物、化学和核制剂、它们伴随的临床症状以及推荐的管理策略，是做好充分准备并对这些较少使用的大规模伤亡制剂做出最佳反应的重要前提。骨科医生应了解灾难性事件的管理原则。当一个人做好充分准备时，压力就不那么成问题了。去污对于救治受害者以及防止有毒制剂进一步传播给急救人员和医务人员至关重要。评估潜在威胁的风险很重要，这样才能使灾难规划和准备工作与实际伤亡事件相称并保持一致。
