Lee Byeong-Kyu, Lee Chang-Heub
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea.
Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Jan;136(1-3):21-33. doi: 10.1007/s10661-007-9721-3. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
This study is an analysis of the concentrations and components of heavy metals in PM2.5 and the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at a mechanical industrial complex (IC) site in Changwon and at a residential site in Masan, Korea. Particulate was collected during two sampling periods, from the late summer to the early fall and from the middle to late fall, at the IC site and one sampling period, from the middle fall to the early winter, at the residential site. PM2.5 and TSP samples were taken by an annular denuder system and a hi-volume air sampler, respectively. The authors also identified the concentrations and components of heavy metals extracted from the PM2.5 and TSP filters, the acidic components extracted from the PM2.5 filters, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) extracted from polyurethane foam (PUF) plug. The average concentrations of the PM2.5 collected at the IC and residential sites were very similar. Major sources of PM2.5 at the study sites, however, were air emissions from vehicles and industry as well as emissions from residential heating and soil origins, respectively. The higher concentrations of the TSP at the IC site, as compared to those at the residential site, were due to either increased suspended dust from vehicle emissions or re-suspended road dust because of increased vehicle speeds near the IC site. Heavy metal concentrations in the TSPs were higher than those in the PM2.5. The heavy metal concentrations in the PM2.5 and TSP at the IC site with heavy traffic were substantially greater than those at the residential site. The concentrations of TSP and heavy metals and PAHs in PM during the period of the middle to late fall was much higher than those during the period of the late summer to early fall at the IC site. This is because of the difference in meteorological characteristics and energy uses between two periods. The residential site also showed higher concentrations of acidic anions while the IC site showed higher concentrations of acidic cation. Secondary aerosols or particulates, such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrite, might have been important constituents of the PM2.5 at the residential site. The PAHs in the TSP collected at the IC site was greatly affected by traffic and industry emissions consisting mostly of high molecular weight PAHs with two to four rings. PAHs in the TSP at the site, however, were affected by residential heating and air emissions from small chemical plants having higher concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs with five to six rings.
本研究对在韩国昌原的一个机械工业园区（IC）站点和马山的一个住宅站点采集的PM2.5及总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中的重金属浓度和成分进行了分析。在IC站点的两个采样期（从夏末到初秋以及从中秋到深秋）和住宅站点的一个采样期（从中秋到初冬）采集了颗粒物。PM2.5和TSP样本分别通过环形扩散管系统和大容量空气采样器采集。作者还确定了从PM2.5和TSP过滤器中提取的重金属的浓度和成分、从PM2.5过滤器中提取的酸性成分以及从聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）塞中提取的多环芳烃（PAHs）。在IC站点和住宅站点采集的PM2.5的平均浓度非常相似。然而，研究站点PM2.5的主要来源分别是车辆和工业的废气排放以及住宅供暖和土壤源的排放。与住宅站点相比，IC站点TSP的浓度较高，这是由于车辆排放的悬浮灰尘增加或IC站点附近车速提高导致道路灰尘再悬浮。TSP中的重金属浓度高于PM2.5中的重金属浓度。交通繁忙的IC站点的PM2.5和TSP中的重金属浓度显著高于住宅站点。在IC站点，中秋到深秋期间PM中的TSP、重金属和PAHs的浓度远高于夏末到初秋期间。这是因为两个时期气象特征和能源使用情况不同。住宅站点还显示出较高浓度的酸性阴离子，而IC站点显示出较高浓度的酸性阳离子。二次气溶胶或颗粒物，如硝酸铵或亚硝酸铵，可能是住宅站点PM2.5的重要成分。在IC站点采集的TSP中的PAHs受交通和工业排放的影响很大，主要由两到四环的高分子量PAHs组成。然而，该站点TSP中的PAHs受住宅供暖和小型化工厂废气排放的影响，这些排放物中含有较高浓度的五到六环的低分子量PAHs。
