Valavanidis Athanasios, Fiotakis Konstantinos, Vlahogianni Thomais, Bakeas Evangelos B, Triantafillaki Styliani, Paraskevopoulou Vasiliki, Dassenakis Manos
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, Athens, Greece.
Chemosphere. 2006 Oct;65(5):760-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.052. Epub 2006 May 3.
The concentrations of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed to total suspended particulate (TSP) and finer fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) were determined from a site in the centre of Athens (Greece), which is characterized by heavy local traffic and is densely populated, during the winter and summer periods in 2003-2004. Also, we collected and analyzed samples of diesel and gasoline exhaust particles from local vehicles (buses, taxis and private cars) and from chimney exhaust of residential central heating appliances. A seasonal effect was observed for the size distribution of aerosol mass, with a shift to larger fine fractions in winter. The most commonly detected trace metals in the TSP and PM fractions were Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Ni and Cd and their concentrations were similar to levels observed in heavily polluted urban areas from local traffic and other anthropogenic emissions. Analysis of 16 PAHs bound to PM showed that they are mostly traffic related. In general, the fine particulate PAHs concentrations were higher than coarse particles. The most common PAHs in PM(10.2) and PM(2.1) were pyrene, phenanthrene, acenapthylene and fluoranthene, which are associated with diesel and gasoline exhaust particles. The results of this study underlined the importance of local emission sources, especially vehicular traffic, central heating and other local anthropogenic emissions. Compared with other big cities, Athens has much higher levels of airborne particles, especially of the finer fractions PM(10) and PM(2.5), correlated with traffic-related air pollution.
2003 - 2004年冬夏两季，在希腊雅典市中心一个交通繁忙且人口密集的地点，测定了吸附在总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和更细粒径的空气颗粒物（PM）上的痕量金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度。此外，我们还采集并分析了当地车辆（公交车、出租车和私家车）以及居民集中供暖设备烟囱排放的柴油和汽油尾气颗粒样本。观测到气溶胶质量的粒径分布存在季节性效应，冬季向更大粒径的细颗粒部分偏移。在TSP和PM部分中最常检测到的痕量金属是铁、铅、锌、铜、铬、钒、镍和镉，其浓度与交通及其他人为排放严重污染的城市地区观测到的水平相似。对与PM结合的16种PAHs的分析表明，它们大多与交通有关。总体而言，细颗粒PAHs浓度高于粗颗粒。PM(10.2)和PM(2.1)中最常见的PAHs是芘、菲、苊烯和荧蒽，它们与柴油和汽油尾气颗粒有关。本研究结果突显了本地排放源的重要性，特别是车辆交通、集中供暖和其他本地人为排放。与其他大城市相比，雅典的空气颗粒物水平要高得多，尤其是更细粒径的PM(10)和PM(2.5)，这与交通相关的空气污染有关。
