Richardsen A M, Burke R J
Faculty of Administrative Studies, York University, Ontario, Canada.
Soc Sci Med. 1991;33(10):1179-87. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90234-4.
The present study provides empirical findings from a national survey of physicians and addresses issues of sex differences in the nature of occupational stress experienced by physicians, and the sources of satisfaction in medical practice. Data were collected using questionnaires from 2584 physicians. The sample was randomly selected to represent physicians in all Canadian provinces. About 10% of the respondents were female. Measures included self-reports of stress and satisfaction, demographic variables, practice characteristics, and attitudes about health care. Major sources of stress indicated by female and male physicians were time pressures on the job, and major sources of satisfaction were relationships with patients and colleagues. Sex differences were found in terms of the specific variables that predicted job stress and satisfaction. However, for both women and men, various work setting variables positively predicted occupational stress and negatively predicted job satisfaction. Significant sex differences were present in both demographic and situational variables as well as measures of occupational stress and attitudes about health care. Correlations indicate that for both female and male physicians, high levels of occupational stress was associated with less satisfaction with medical practice and more negative attitudes about the medicare system and health care in general, and high job satisfaction was related to fewer specific work stressors and more positive attitudes about health care. Several methodological limitations necessitates caution in interpreting the findings. Nevertheless, the results may have some implications for future health care policies and procedures.
本研究提供了一项针对全国医生的调查的实证结果，探讨了医生职业压力性质中的性别差异以及医疗实践中的满意度来源。通过问卷调查收集了2584名医生的数据。该样本是随机选取的，以代表加拿大所有省份的医生。约10%的受访者为女性。测量指标包括压力和满意度的自我报告、人口统计学变量、执业特征以及对医疗保健的态度。女性和男性医生指出的主要压力源是工作中的时间压力，主要的满意度来源是与患者和同事的关系。在预测工作压力和满意度的具体变量方面发现了性别差异。然而，对于女性和男性来说，各种工作环境变量都正向预测职业压力，负向预测工作满意度。在人口统计学和情境变量以及职业压力测量和对医疗保健的态度方面都存在显著的性别差异。相关性表明，对于女性和男性医生来说，高水平的职业压力与对医疗实践的满意度较低以及对医疗保险系统和总体医疗保健的更负面态度相关，而高工作满意度与较少的特定工作压力源以及对医疗保健的更积极态度相关。几个方法学上的局限性使得在解释研究结果时需要谨慎。尽管如此，这些结果可能对未来的医疗保健政策和程序有一些启示。
