Sorrell E M, Ramirez-Nieto G C, Gomez-Osorio I G, Perez D R
University of Maryland, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2007;117(1-4):394-402. doi: 10.1159/000103203.
During the last decade the number of reported outbreaks caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in domestic poultry has drastically increased. At the same time, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) strains, such as H9N2 in many parts of the Middle East and Asia and H6N2 in live bird markets in California, have become endemic. Each AI outbreak brings the concomitant possibility of poultry-to-human transmission. Indeed, human illness and death have resulted from such occasional transmissions with highly pathogenic avian H7N7 and H5N1 viruses while avian H9N2 viruses have been isolated from individuals with mild influenza. The transmission of avian influenza directly from poultry to humans has brought a sense of urgency in terms of understanding the mechanisms that lead to interspecies transmission of influenza. Domestic poultry species have been previously overlooked as potential intermediate hosts in the generation of influenza viruses with the capacity to infect humans. In this review, we will discuss molecular and epidemiological aspects that have led to the recurrent emergence of avian influenza strains with pandemic potential, with a particular emphasis on the current Asian H5N1 viruses.
在过去十年中，国内家禽中高致病性禽流感（HPAI）引发的疫情报告数量急剧增加。与此同时，低致病性禽流感（LPAI）毒株，如中东和亚洲许多地区的H9N2以及加利福尼亚活禽市场的H6N2，已成为地方病。每次禽流感疫情都伴随着家禽向人类传播的可能性。事实上，高致病性禽流感H7N7和H5N1病毒的此类偶然传播已导致人类患病和死亡，而从患有轻度流感的个体中分离出了禽流感H9N2病毒。禽流感直接从家禽传播给人类，这在理解导致流感跨物种传播的机制方面带来了紧迫感。家禽物种以前一直被忽视，未被视为产生具有感染人类能力的流感病毒的潜在中间宿主。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论导致具有大流行潜力的禽流感毒株反复出现的分子和流行病学方面，特别强调当前亚洲的H5N1病毒。
