Wise Robert A, Tashkin Donald P
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
Am J Med. 2007 Aug;120(8 Suppl 1):S14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.04.008.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable systemic disease with symptoms that overlap other respiratory illnesses. An estimated 24 million adults in the United States have COPD, but >50% of them are misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Spirometry remains the "gold standard" for diagnosing COPD and for monitoring the progression of the disease. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD; therefore, smoking cessation is an integral component of any program to reduce COPD risk and delay or limit the progression of airflow obstruction. Influenza vaccinations will also reduce acute respiratory illness in patients with COPD. With increasing awareness of COPD and earlier diagnosis, implementation of treatment guidelines and smoking-cessation efforts may lead to more effective management of this disease, which is projected to be the third leading cause of death in the United States by 2020.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种可预防和可治疗的全身性疾病，其症状与其他呼吸道疾病重叠。据估计，美国有2400万成年人患有COPD，但其中超过50%被误诊或未被诊断出来。肺活量测定法仍然是诊断COPD和监测疾病进展的“金标准”。吸烟是COPD的主要病因；因此，戒烟是任何降低COPD风险以及延缓或限制气流阻塞进展计划的一个组成部分。流感疫苗接种也将减少COPD患者的急性呼吸道疾病。随着对COPD的认识不断提高以及诊断更加早期，实施治疗指南和戒烟措施可能会导致对这种疾病进行更有效的管理，预计到2020年，COPD将成为美国第三大死因。
