Chatzi Leda, Torrent Matias, Romieu Isabelle, Garcia-Esteban Raquel, Ferrer Carlos, Vioque Jesus, Kogevinas Manolis, Sunyer Jordi
Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007 Sep;18(6):480-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00596.x.
Epidemiological studies have shown inverse associations of asthma symptoms with fish, vegetable, and fruit intake. We evaluated the association between several dietary factors with wheeze and atopy among children in Menorca, a Spanish Mediterranean island. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on 460 children at age 6.5 yr. Parents completed a questionnaire on the child's respiratory and allergic symptoms, and a 96-item food frequency questionnaire. Children underwent skin prick tests with six common aeroallergens. The average daily intake was relatively high for fruits (177 g) and fish (54 g), and moderate for vegetables (59 g). A high consumption (>40 g/day) of fruity vegetables (tomatoes, eggplants, cucumber, green beans, zucchini) was found to have beneficial effect on current wheeze [odds ratio (OR), 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15-0.95, p < 0.05], and atopic wheeze with a significant decreasing trend when intake was increased (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.95, p for trend = 0.04). No other fruits or vegetables were significantly associated with wheeze or atopy prevalence. An inverse association was found between a fish intake > or =60 g/day and atopy (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90, p < 0.05). The associations remained significant after adjustment for energy intake and maternal diet during pregnancy. Our results support a potential protective effect of fruity vegetables and fish intake during childhood on wheeze and atopy respectively.
流行病学研究表明，哮喘症状与鱼类、蔬菜和水果的摄入量呈负相关。我们评估了西班牙地中海岛屿梅诺卡岛儿童的几种饮食因素与喘息和特应性之间的关联。对460名6.5岁的儿童进行了横断面分析。家长完成了一份关于孩子呼吸和过敏症状的问卷，以及一份包含96个项目的食物频率问卷。儿童接受了六种常见空气变应原的皮肤点刺试验。水果（177克）和鱼类（54克）的平均每日摄入量相对较高，蔬菜（59克）的摄入量适中。发现大量食用（>40克/天）果类蔬菜（西红柿、茄子、黄瓜、四季豆、西葫芦）对当前喘息有有益影响[比值比（OR），0.38；95%置信区间（CI），0.15 - 0.95，p < 0.05]，并且当摄入量增加时，特应性喘息有显著下降趋势（OR，0.19；95%CI，0.04 - 0.95，趋势p值 = 0.04）。没有其他水果或蔬菜与喘息或特应性患病率有显著关联。发现每日鱼类摄入量≥60克与特应性呈负相关（OR，0.43；95%CI，0.21 - 0.90，p < 0.05）。在调整能量摄入和孕期母亲饮食后，这些关联仍然显著。我们的结果支持儿童时期摄入果类蔬菜和鱼类分别对喘息和特应性有潜在的保护作用。
