Rostampour Kimia, Sasanfar Bahareh, Reshadfar Amirahmad, Emarati Alireza, Nafei Zahra, Behniafard Nasrin, Hashemi-Bajgani Seyed-Mehdi, Salehi-Abargouei Amin
Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2025 Apr 2;44(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s41043-025-00820-7.
Previous epidemiological studies on the correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and asthma, the majority of them were conducted in developed countries, have led to conflicting results. This study aimed to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of asthma among a large sample of children and adolescents.
This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) on 7667 Iranian children and adolescents. Asthma and its related outcomes were measured using validated questionnaires. A food frequency method was used to assess the dietary intake. The association between fruit and vegetable intake and asthma and its related symptoms was examined using logistic regression.
After adjustment for all possible confounding variables, no significant association was found between fruit and vegetable intake and the odds of medication use for asthma and asthma confirmed by a doctor. However, an inverse significant trend was found between fruits intake and current asthma. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and the use of television and computers, participants who regularly consumed fruit had a 37% lower likelihood of experiencing wheezing in the past 12 months (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42-0.94, P trend = 0.001) compared to those who never or only occasionally consumed fruit. Additionally, individuals who reported consuming vegetables most or all days had a 38% reduced chance of wheezing in the past 12 months (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.48-0.80, P trend < 0.001) compared to participants with infrequent vegetable intake. Participants with regular fruit and vegetable intake combined (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31-0.82, P trend < 0.001) had a 50% lower likelihood of wheezing in the past 12 months in comparison with those who never or only occasionally fruits and vegetables combined consumers.
Our findings suggest that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables on most or all days has a protective effect against wheezing in the past 12 months. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to confirm our findings.
先前关于水果和蔬菜摄入量与哮喘之间相关性的流行病学研究大多在发达国家进行，结果相互矛盾。本研究旨在调查大量儿童和青少年样本中水果和蔬菜摄入量与哮喘风险之间的关系。
本横断面研究作为全球哮喘网络（GAN）的一部分，对7667名伊朗儿童和青少年进行。使用经过验证的问卷测量哮喘及其相关结果。采用食物频率法评估饮食摄入量。使用逻辑回归分析水果和蔬菜摄入量与哮喘及其相关症状之间的关联。
在对所有可能的混杂变量进行调整后，未发现水果和蔬菜摄入量与哮喘用药几率及医生确诊哮喘之间存在显著关联。然而，发现水果摄入量与当前哮喘之间存在显著的负向趋势。在调整年龄、性别、体重指数以及电视和电脑使用情况后，与从未或仅偶尔食用水果的参与者相比，经常食用水果的参与者在过去12个月中出现喘息的可能性降低了37%（OR = 0.63；95% CI：0.42 - 0.94，P趋势 = 0.001）。此外，与蔬菜摄入量少的参与者相比，报告大多数或所有日子都食用蔬菜的个体在过去12个月中喘息的几率降低了38%（OR = 0.62；95% CI：0.48 - 0.80，P趋势 < 0.001）。与从未或仅偶尔同时食用水果和蔬菜的参与者相比，经常同时食用水果和蔬菜的参与者在过去12个月中喘息的可能性降低了50%（OR = 0.50；95% CI：0.31 - 0.82，P趋势 < 0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明，在大多数或所有日子里经常食用水果和蔬菜对过去12个月中的喘息有保护作用。未来应进行纵向研究以证实我们的发现。
