Romieu I, Torrent M, Garcia-Esteban R, Ferrer C, Ribas-Fitó N, Antó J M, Sunyer J
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2007 Apr;37(4):518-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02685.x.
There is growing evidence that n-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may modulate immune response. Dietary intake of these nutrients during pregnancy could play a role in the risk of asthma and atopy in the offspring.
Using data from a cohort of women (n=462) enrolled during pregnancy and whose offspring were followed up to 6 years, we evaluated the impact of fish consumption during pregnancy on the incidence of atopy and asthma. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire (42 items) applied by an interviewer.
Thirty-four percent of infants had a medical diagnosis of eczema at age 1 year, 14.3% of the children were atopic [based on skin prick test (SPT) at 6 years], and 5.7% had atopic wheeze at age 6 years. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, fish intake during pregnancy was protective against the risk of eczema at age 1 year, a positive SPT for house dust mite at age 6 years and atopic wheeze at age 6 years [odds ratio (OR)=0.73 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.98, OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.46-1.01 and OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.96, respectively]. For an increase in fish intake from once per week to 2.5 times per week, the risk of eczema at age 1 year decreased by 37%, and the risk of positive SPT at age 6 years by 35%. Stratification by breastfeeding showed that fish intake was significantly related to a decrease risk in persistent wheeze among non-breastfed children (P for interaction<0.05). No protective effect was observed among breastfed children.
Our data suggest a protective effect of fish intake during pregnancy on the risk of atopy-related outcomes.
越来越多的证据表明，n-3脂肪酸具有抗炎特性，可能会调节免疫反应。孕期饮食中摄入这些营养素可能与后代患哮喘和特应性疾病的风险有关。
我们利用一组孕期登记入组的女性（n = 462）及其随访至6岁后代的数据，评估孕期鱼类消费对特应性疾病和哮喘发病率的影响。饮食摄入量通过访员应用的食物频率问卷（42项）进行评估。
34%的婴儿在1岁时被医学诊断为湿疹，14.3%的儿童有特应性疾病（基于6岁时的皮肤点刺试验），5.7%的儿童在6岁时有特应性喘息。在调整潜在混杂因素后，孕期鱼类摄入量可降低1岁时患湿疹、6岁时对屋尘螨皮肤点刺试验呈阳性以及6岁时患特应性喘息的风险[比值比（OR）= 0.73，95%置信区间（CI）0.55 - 0.98；OR = 0.68，95% CI 0.46 - 1.01；OR = 0.55，95% CI 0.31 - 0.96]。鱼类摄入量从每周一次增加到每周2.5次，1岁时患湿疹的风险降低37%，6岁时皮肤点刺试验呈阳性的风险降低35%。按母乳喂养分层显示，鱼类摄入量与非母乳喂养儿童持续性喘息风险降低显著相关（交互作用P < 0.05）。在母乳喂养儿童中未观察到保护作用。
我们的数据表明孕期鱼类摄入对特应性相关结局的风险具有保护作用。
