Cuc Alexandru, Koppel Jonathan, Hirst William
Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, FL 33314, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2007 Aug;18(8):727-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01967.x.
The present research explored the effect of selective remembering and the resulting "silences" on memory. In particular, we examined whether unmentioned information is more likely to be forgotten by a listener if related information is recollected by the speaker than if related information is not recollected by the speaker. In a modification of the retrieval-induced forgetting paradigm, pairs of individuals studied material, but in the practice phase, only one member of each pair selectively recalled it, while the other listened. Experiment 1 employed paired associates, and Experiment 2 used stories. Experiment 3 involved not controlled practice, but free-flowing conversation. In each case, results from a final memory test established not only within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting, but also socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. The results demonstrate that listening to a speaker remember selectively can induce forgetting of related information in the listener.
本研究探讨了选择性记忆及其导致的“沉默”对记忆的影响。具体而言，我们考察了如果说话者回忆起相关信息，那么未提及的信息是否比说话者未回忆起相关信息时更有可能被听众遗忘。在对提取诱发遗忘范式的一种改进中，成对的个体学习材料，但在练习阶段，每对中的只有一个成员选择性地回忆它，而另一个成员则倾听。实验1采用配对联想，实验2使用故事。实验3涉及的不是控制性练习，而是自由流畅的对话。在每种情况下，最终记忆测试的结果不仅证实了个体内部的提取诱发遗忘，还证实了社会共享的提取诱发遗忘。结果表明，倾听说话者的选择性记忆会导致听众遗忘相关信息。
