Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607-7137, USA.
Memory. 2010 Apr;18(3):265-71. doi: 10.1080/09658210903547884. Epub 2010 Mar 5.
Research on retrieval-induced forgetting has shown that the selective retrieval of some information can cause the forgetting of other information. Such forgetting is believed to result from inhibitory processes that function to resolve interference during retrieval. The current study examined whether individuals with ADHD demonstrate normal levels of retrieval-induced forgetting. A total of 40 adults with ADHD and 40 adults without ADHD participated in a standard retrieval-induced forgetting experiment. Critically, half of the items were tested using category cues and the other half of the items were tested using category-plus-one-letter-stem cues. Whereas both ADHD and non-ADHD participants demonstrated retrieval-induced forgetting on the final category-cued recall test, only non-ADHD participants demonstrated retrieval-induced forgetting on the final category-plus-stem-cued recall test. These results suggest that individuals with ADHD do have a deficit in the inhibitory control of memory, but that this deficit may only be apparent when output interference is adequately controlled on the final test.
检索诱发遗忘的研究表明，选择性检索某些信息会导致其他信息的遗忘。这种遗忘被认为是由于抑制过程引起的，抑制过程在检索过程中起作用以解决干扰。本研究考察了 ADHD 个体是否表现出正常水平的检索诱发遗忘。共有 40 名 ADHD 成年人和 40 名非 ADHD 成年人参加了标准的检索诱发遗忘实验。关键是，一半的项目使用类别线索进行测试，另一半的项目使用类别加一个字母干线索进行测试。虽然 ADHD 和非 ADHD 参与者在最终的类别线索回忆测试中都表现出检索诱发遗忘，但只有非 ADHD 参与者在最终的类别加干线索回忆测试中表现出检索诱发遗忘。这些结果表明，ADHD 个体确实存在记忆的抑制控制缺陷，但只有在最终测试中充分控制输出干扰时，这种缺陷才会显现出来。
