Seale J Paul, Davis-Smith Monique, Okosun Ike
Department of Family Medicine, Medical Center of Central Georgia and Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, USA.
Ethn Dis. 2006 Spring;16(2):460-7.
To demonstrate how simple screening methods can be used to define modifiable lifestyle risk factors in primary care settings and educate clinicians regarding ethnic and gender differences in risk factor profiles.
Observational study
3286 patients (1613 African Americans, 1673 non-Hispanic Whites)
Lifestyle risk factor assessment using nine-question health habits questionnaire and vital signs measurement.
Rates of tobacco use, risky drinking, obesity, and inactivity
29.8% of patients reported tobacco use, 68.9% exercised less than three times per week, 41.1% were obese, and 9.5% screened positive for risky drinking. Whites reported more tobacco use (34.5% vs 24.9%) and risky drinking (10.3% vs 8.8%), while African Americans were more likely to be obese (46.1% vs 36.3%) and inactive (73.2% vs 64.7%). Risky drinking declined in all groups except African American males after age 65.
Simple questionnaires and vital signs measurements are useful in screening for modifiable lifestyle risk factors in primary care clinics. Results can be used to identify risk factor patterns in different ethnic, age, and gender groups and to prioritize prevention interventions for individual patients. Simplified methods of assessing overweight and obesity are needed.
证明如何使用简单的筛查方法来确定初级保健机构中可改变的生活方式风险因素，并就风险因素概况中的种族和性别差异对临床医生进行教育。
观察性研究
3286名患者（1613名非裔美国人，1673名非西班牙裔白人）
使用九项健康习惯问卷和生命体征测量进行生活方式风险因素评估。
吸烟率、危险饮酒率、肥胖率和缺乏运动率
29.8%的患者报告有吸烟行为，68.9%的患者每周锻炼少于三次，41.1%的患者肥胖，9.5%的患者危险饮酒筛查呈阳性。白人报告的吸烟率（34.5%对24.9%）和危险饮酒率（10.3%对8.8%）更高，而非裔美国人更易肥胖（46.1%对36.3%）和缺乏运动（73.2%对64.7%）。除65岁以上非裔美国男性外，所有组的危险饮酒率均有所下降。
简单的问卷和生命体征测量有助于在初级保健诊所筛查可改变的生活方式风险因素。结果可用于识别不同种族、年龄和性别群体中的风险因素模式，并为个体患者的预防干预确定优先顺序。需要简化评估超重和肥胖的方法。
