Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2010 Dec;88(12):3918-26. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2724. Epub 2010 Sep 10.
In Exp. 1, 50 sows and their litters were used to determine the effects of adding a feed flavor to the creep diet on the proportion of pigs consuming creep feed ("eaters") and preweaning performance. Sows were blocked according to parity and date of farrowing and allotted to 2 experimental treatments: 1) litters fed a creep diet with no flavor (negative control) or 2) negative control diet with the feed flavor (Luctarom) included at 1,500 mg/kg. Both creep diets contained 1.0% chromic oxide and were offered ad libitum from d 18 until weaning at d 21. Adding flavor to the creep diet did not (P > 0.41) affect weaning weights, total BW gain, ADG, total creep feed intake, daily creep feed intake, or the proportion of creep feed eaters in whole litters. In Exp. 2, 480 weanling pigs (6.58 ± 0.41 kg; 20 ± 2 d) from Exp. 1 were randomly selected by preweaning treatment group, blocked by initial BW, and allotted to 1 of 8 treatments in a randomized complete block design to determine the interactive effects of preweaning exposure to flavor (exposed vs. unexposed), nursery diet complexity (complex vs. simple), and flavor addition to nursery diets (with vs. without flavor). Each treatment had 10 replications (pens) with 6 pigs per pen. Diets with flavor were supplemented with the flavor at 1,500 mg/kg in phase 1 diets and 1,000 mg/kg in phase 2 diets. A tendency for a 3-way interaction for ADG from d 5 to 10 (P = 0.10), 10 to 28 (P = 0.09), and 0 to 28 (P = 0.06) was observed. Postweaning ADG of pigs exposed to flavor in creep feed and fed flavored complex diets in the nursery was greater than pigs in any other treatment combination. Increasing diet complexity improved (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI during both postweaning phases. Adding flavor to creep feed had no effect on G:F (P > 0.34) and pig BW (P > 0.45) in both postweaning periods. Adding flavor to starter diets tended to improve ADFI (P = 0.06) during d 0 to 5. In conclusion, adding flavor to the creep feed did not affect litter creep feed intake, the proportion of piglets consuming creep feed, or preweaning performance when creep was provided for 3 d before weaning. Preweaning exposure to feed flavor improved postweaning ADG in pigs fed complex diets supplemented with the same flavor but did not influence performance of pigs fed simple diets.
在实验 1 中，使用 50 头母猪及其仔猪来确定在育肥饲料中添加饲料风味对采食育肥饲料的猪的比例（采食者）和断奶前性能的影响。母猪根据胎次和产仔日期进行分组，并分配到 2 个实验处理中：1）不添加风味的育肥饲料喂养仔猪（阴性对照）或 2）在阴性对照饲料中添加饲料风味（Luctarom），添加量为 1500mg/kg。两种育肥饲料均含有 1.0%的三氧化二铬，从第 18 天开始自由采食，直到第 21 天断奶。在育肥饲料中添加风味并没有（P＞0.41）影响断奶体重、总体重增重、平均日增重、总育肥饲料采食量、日育肥饲料采食量或整个窝产仔中采食育肥饲料的比例。在实验 2 中，从实验 1 中随机选择 480 头断奶仔猪（6.58±0.41kg；20±2d），按断奶前处理组、初始体重分组、并在完全随机分组设计中分配到 8 种处理中的 1 种，以确定断奶前接触风味（暴露与不暴露）、保育期日粮复杂性（复杂与简单）和保育期日粮添加风味（有风味与无风味）的相互作用效应。每个处理有 10 个重复（栏），每个栏有 6 头猪。添加风味的日粮在第 1 阶段日粮中添加 1500mg/kg 的风味，在第 2 阶段日粮中添加 1000mg/kg 的风味。在断奶后 5 至 10 天（P=0.10）、10 至 28 天（P=0.09）和 0 至 28 天（P=0.06）观察到 ADG 的 3 向交互作用的趋势。接触过育肥饲料风味并在保育期采食过风味复杂日粮的仔猪断奶后的 ADG 大于其他任何处理组合的仔猪。增加日粮复杂性提高了（P＜0.01）断奶后两个阶段的 ADG 和 ADFI。在两个断奶后阶段，在育肥饲料中添加风味对 G:F（P＞0.34）和猪体重（P＞0.45）没有影响。在第 0 至 5 天添加到起始日粮中的风味有提高 ADFI（P=0.06）的趋势。总之，在断奶前 3 天提供育肥饲料时，在育肥饲料中添加风味不会影响窝产仔育肥饲料的采食量、仔猪采食育肥饲料的比例或断奶前性能。断奶前接触饲料风味可提高采食复杂日粮补充相同风味的仔猪的断奶后 ADG，但对采食简单日粮的仔猪的性能没有影响。
