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淋巴器官的可塑性和异质性。将一个淋巴器官称为一级、二级或三级淋巴器官的标准是什么?

Plasticity and heterogeneity of lymphoid organs. What are the criteria to call a lymphoid organ primary, secondary or tertiary?

作者信息

Pabst Reinhard

机构信息

Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.

出版信息

Immunol Lett. 2007 Sep 15;112(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.009. Epub 2007 Jul 24.

Abstract

Lymphoid organs are generally classified in a hierarchy with primary lymphoid organs such as the thymus and bone marrow for the production of receptor specific T and B lymphocytes, respectively, independent of antigens. In secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils, the lymphocytes are expanded due to antigen exposure, producing memory T cells and effector B cells, resulting in plasma cells. Tertiary lymphoid tissues are often defined as aggregations of lymphoid cells in autoimmune diseases. It will be outlined that all these organs have a high plasticity and also the thymic medulla is included in the route of migrating mature T cells and the bone marrow, not only in the traffic of CD4+ but also of CD8+ lymphocytes. The mucosa-associated lymphoid organs depend to a much larger extent on microbial antigen and are much more diverse than often described. The role of structural elements as well as blood and lymphatic vessels as an entry and exit site of lymphocytes will be outlined. Using a precise terminology, taking account of the plasticity of these organs at different ages and considering species differences will reduce misunderstandings among immunologists.

摘要

淋巴器官通常分为一个层次结构,其中主要淋巴器官如胸腺和骨髓,分别用于产生受体特异性T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞,这一过程独立于抗原。在诸如淋巴结、脾脏和扁桃体等二级淋巴器官中,淋巴细胞因接触抗原而扩增,产生记忆T细胞和效应B细胞,进而形成浆细胞。三级淋巴组织通常被定义为自身免疫性疾病中淋巴样细胞的聚集。将概述所有这些器官都具有高度可塑性,并且胸腺髓质不仅在CD4+淋巴细胞的循环中,而且在CD8+淋巴细胞的循环中,都包含在成熟T细胞迁移的路径以及骨髓中。黏膜相关淋巴器官在很大程度上依赖于微生物抗原,并且比通常描述的要多样化得多。将概述结构元件以及作为淋巴细胞进出部位的血管和淋巴管的作用。使用精确的术语,考虑这些器官在不同年龄的可塑性并考虑物种差异,将减少免疫学家之间的误解。

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