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Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2007 Jul;30(7):249-56; quiz 257-8.
Mumps is a world-wide distributed human infectious disease. The causative agent is mumpsvirus, a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae. Mumpsvirus causes a variety of illnesses, which depend in part on humans' age and sex. Parotitis and meningitis as well as respiratory tract infection in children and orchitis in pubertal and postpubertal males are very common. Asymptomatic infections have also been frequently described. The treatment for mumps infection is symptomatic, there is no specific antiviral therapy. Immune prophylaxis with an attenuated life vaccine is the most important strategy of mumps prevention. During the last years, an increased number of mumps cases have been observed in several countries with a general recommendation for mumps vaccination. Young adults have been most frequently affected. The lack of immunity in this population is likely to be responsible for the increasing number of mumps cases.
腮腺炎是一种在全球范围内传播的人类传染病。病原体是腮腺炎病毒，它是一种属于副粘病毒科的单链RNA病毒。腮腺炎病毒会引发多种疾病，这在一定程度上取决于人类的年龄和性别。儿童的腮腺炎、脑膜炎以及呼吸道感染，以及青春期和青春期后的男性睾丸炎都很常见。无症状感染也经常被描述。腮腺炎感染的治疗是对症治疗，没有特异性抗病毒疗法。使用减毒活疫苗进行免疫预防是预防腮腺炎的最重要策略。在过去几年中，几个国家观察到腮腺炎病例数量增加，普遍建议接种腮腺炎疫苗。年轻人受影响最为频繁。这一人群缺乏免疫力可能是腮腺炎病例增加的原因。
