Lettner H, Hubmer A, Bossew P, Strebl F
Division of Physics und Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
J Environ Radioact. 2007;98(1-2):69-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.09.011. Epub 2007 Aug 29.
The alpine regions of Austria were among the most contaminated territories outside of the former USSR after the Chernobyl accident. In the investigated province of Salzburg the median (137)Cs surface deposition was 31.4 kBq m(-2) with maximum values exceeding 90 kBq m(-2) (May 1986). To quantify the transfer of (137)Cs and (90)Sr from vegetation to milk in these seminatural conditions nine seasonally grazed alps were identified and vegetation and milk sampled during summer 2002 and summer 2003. Mean+/-SD milk transfer coefficients (fm) for (137)Cs and (90)Sr were 0.0071+/-0.0009 d l(-1), and 0.0011+/-0.0004 d l(-1), respectively; which for (137)Cs is markedly higher than those fm values found in intensive agricultural systems. Transfer kinetics for (137)Cs into cow milk were approximated using a 2-compartment model with a short and a long-term component. Fitting the model to empirical data results in reliable estimates of the time constant of the short-term component, biological half-life 1.06+/-0.28 d, whereas the estimates of the long-term component are subject to high uncertainties.
切尔诺贝利事故后，奥地利的高山地区是前苏联以外污染最严重的地区之一。在所调查的萨尔茨堡省，（137）铯的地表沉积中位数为31.4 kBq m(-2)，最大值超过90 kBq m(-2)（1986年5月）。为了量化在这些半自然条件下（137）铯和（90）锶从植被向牛奶的转移，确定了9个季节性放牧的高山牧场，并于2002年夏季和2003年夏季采集了植被和牛奶样本。（137）铯和（90）锶的平均±标准差牛奶转移系数（fm）分别为0.0071±0.0009 d l(-1)和0.0011±0.0004 d l(-1)；其中（137）铯的该系数明显高于集约化农业系统中的fm值。采用具有短期和长期成分的两室模型来近似（137）铯进入牛奶的转移动力学。将该模型与实验数据拟合，可得到短期成分时间常数的可靠估计值，生物半衰期为1.06±0.28天，而长期成分的估计值存在很大不确定性。
