Science. 1970 Dec 11;170(3963):1198-201. doi: 10.1126/science.170.3963.1198.
Three groups of indigo buntings were hand-raised in various conditions of visual isolation from celestial cues. When they had been prevented from viewing the night sky prior to the autumn migration season, birds tested under planetarium skies were unable to select the normal migration direction. By contrast, when they had been exposed as juveniles to a normal, rotating, planetarium sky, individuals displayed typical southerly directional preferences. The third group was exposed to an incorrect planetarium sky in which the stars rotated about a fictitious axis. When tested during the autumn, these birds took up the "correct" migration direction relative to the new axis of rotation. These results fail to support the hypothesis of a "genetic star map." They suggest, instead, a maturation process in which stellar cues come to be associated with a directional reference system provided by the axis of celestial rotation.
三组靛蓝彩鹀在不同的视觉隔离条件下被人工饲养，这些条件与天体线索隔离。在秋季迁徙季节之前，如果这些鸟被阻止观看夜空，那么在天文馆天空下测试的鸟类就无法选择正常的迁徙方向。相比之下，当它们在幼年时暴露在正常的、旋转的天文馆天空下时，个体表现出典型的向南方向偏好。第三组鸟被暴露在一个错误的天文馆天空中，其中的星星围绕一个虚构的轴旋转。当在秋季进行测试时，这些鸟相对于新的旋转轴采取了“正确”的迁徙方向。这些结果不支持“遗传星图”假说。相反，它们表明存在一个成熟过程，其中恒星线索与由天体旋转轴提供的方向参考系统相关联。
