Povinelli D J, Parks K A, Novak M A
Department of Anthropology, Yale University.
J Comp Psychol. 1991 Dec;105(4):318-25. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.105.4.318.
The ability of 4 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to understand the causal connection between seeing and knowing was investigated. The subjects were tested to determine if they could discriminate between information provided by experimenters who randomly alternated between roles of guesser and knower. In a series of tests, the knower either hid food under 1 of 3 cups or watched as someone else hid the food. The guesser waited outside the room or covered her or his head until the food was hidden. The subjects watched this procedure occur but could not see which cup the food was hidden under. The knower pointed to the correct cup while the guesser pointed to an incorrect one. None of the macaques provided any evidence that they realized the different states of knowledge possessed by the guesser and knower. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that rhesus macaques are incapable of making inferences about the mental states of others.
研究了4只恒河猴（猕猴）理解看见与知道之间因果联系的能力。对这些受试动物进行测试，以确定它们能否区分由随机交替扮演猜测者和知晓者角色的实验者提供的信息。在一系列测试中，知晓者要么将食物藏在3个杯子中的1个下面，要么看着别人藏食物。猜测者在房间外等候，或者遮住自己的头，直到食物藏好。受试动物观看了这一过程，但看不到食物藏在哪个杯子下面。知晓者指向正确的杯子，而猜测者指向错误的杯子。没有一只猕猴提供任何证据表明它们意识到了猜测者和知晓者所拥有的不同知识状态。这些结果与恒河猴无法对他人的心理状态进行推理的假设一致。
