Evanko Stephen P, Tammi Markku I, Tammi Raija H, Wight Thomas N
The Hope Heart Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2007 Nov 10;59(13):1351-65. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.008. Epub 2007 Aug 14.
Hyaluronan is a multifunctional glycosaminoglycan that forms the structural basis of the pericellular matrix. Hyaluronan is extruded directly through the plasma membrane by one of three hyaluronan synthases and anchored to the cell surface by the synthase or cell surface receptors such as CD44 or RHAMM. Aggregating proteoglycans and other hyaluronan-binding proteins, contribute to the material and biological properties of the matrix and regulate cell and tissue function. The pericellular matrix plays multiple complex roles in cell adhesion/de-adhesion, and cell shape changes associated with proliferation and locomotion. Time-lapse studies show that pericellular matrix formation facilitates cell detachment and mitotic cell rounding. Hyaluronan crosslinking occurs through various proteins, such as tenascin, TSG-6, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor, pentraxin and TSP-1. This creates higher order levels of structured hyaluronan that may regulate inflammation and other biological processes. Microvillous or filopodial membrane protrusions are created by active hyaluronan synthesis, and form the scaffold of hyaluronan coats in certain cells. The importance of the pericellular matrix in cellular mechanotransduction and the response to mechanical strain are also discussed.
透明质酸是一种多功能糖胺聚糖，构成细胞周围基质的结构基础。透明质酸由三种透明质酸合酶之一直接挤出穿过质膜，并通过合酶或细胞表面受体（如CD44或RHAMM）锚定在细胞表面。聚集蛋白聚糖和其他透明质酸结合蛋白，有助于基质的物质和生物学特性，并调节细胞和组织功能。细胞周围基质在细胞黏附/去黏附以及与增殖和运动相关的细胞形状变化中发挥多种复杂作用。延时研究表明，细胞周围基质的形成促进细胞脱离和有丝分裂细胞变圆。透明质酸通过各种蛋白质交联，如腱生蛋白、TSG-6、α-胰蛋白酶抑制剂、五聚素和血小板反应蛋白-1。这产生了更高层次的结构化透明质酸，可能调节炎症和其他生物学过程。活跃的透明质酸合成产生微绒毛或丝状伪足膜突起，并在某些细胞中形成透明质酸包被的支架。还讨论了细胞周围基质在细胞机械转导和对机械应变反应中的重要性。
