Mauskopf J A, French M T
Center for Economics Research, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
Risk Anal. 1991 Dec;11(4):619-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00651.x.
When people consume products violating the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act they may experience morbidity or mortality from foodborne illness. Some studies have used survey data to estimate the dollar value of avoiding a few illnesses, but surveys are expensive and the resulting estimates cannot easily be generalized to the wide variety of foodborne illnesses. We develop a method that uses published data to estimate the value of avoiding morbidity and mortality from foodborne illnesses using two metrics--quality-adjusted life-years and dollars. The method first describes the effects of different illnesses on the patient and then converts these descriptions into changes in time spent in different health states with different relative utility weights. We use these estimated changes to compute losses in quality-adjusted life-years. We demonstrate our method and derive estimates for the value of avoiding a future case of botulism, salmonellosis, chronic hepatitis, and bladder cancer. Researchers can use our method to compare the value of avoiding all illnesses caused by violations of the FD&C Act. More importantly, government officials can use our method to quickly and cost-effectively generate morbidity and mortality valuation estimates for any illness for policy purposes.
当人们食用违反《食品、药品和化妆品法案》（FD&C法案）的产品时，他们可能会因食源性疾病而患病或死亡。一些研究使用调查数据来估计避免少数疾病所带来的美元价值，但调查成本高昂，而且由此得出的估计值不易推广到各种各样的食源性疾病。我们开发了一种方法，利用已发表的数据，通过质量调整生命年和美元这两个指标来估计避免食源性疾病所致发病和死亡的价值。该方法首先描述不同疾病对患者的影响，然后将这些描述转化为在不同健康状态下花费时间的变化，并赋予不同的相对效用权重。我们使用这些估计的变化来计算质量调整生命年的损失。我们展示了我们的方法，并得出了避免未来一例肉毒中毒、沙门氏菌病、慢性肝炎和膀胱癌的价值估计。研究人员可以使用我们的方法来比较避免因违反FD&C法案而导致的所有疾病的价值。更重要的是，政府官员可以使用我们的方法，为政策目的快速且经济高效地生成任何疾病的发病和死亡估值估计。
