Gryseels B
Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1991 Sep-Oct;85(5):626-33. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(91)90371-5.
This paper summarizes the results of a series of studies on the epidemiology, morbidity and transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Burundi, and discusses their consequences for control. The main endemic area is the Imbo lowland, consisting of the Rusizi plain, the urban focus of Bujumbura, and the shores of lake Tanganyika; a small, new focus was discovered in the highlands, around lake Cohoha. Distribution studies on 5-10% population samples with duplicate 28 mg Kato smears in these 4 foci showed prevalences of 33%, 26%, 17%, 19% and mean (positive) egg loads of 110, 105, 92, 144 eggs/g, respectively. The combined population at risk was estimated to be 400,000 people, the total number of detectable cases 90,000. Prevalences and intensities varied greatly at the subregional, local and even sublocal level. The age- and sex-related prevalences and intensities of infection showed typical peaks in children and adolescents, but remained relatively high in adults in many areas; these patterns varied from one area to another and could be related to ecology and water contact. Morbidity studies showed that, in children as well as in adults, schistosomiasis-related morbidity such as (bloody) diarrhoea, hepatomealy and splenomegaly was apparent mainly in areas with prevalences over 30-40%. The intermediate hosts were Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Imbo), B. sudanica (Tanganyika marshes) and B. stanleyi (Cohoha). Population dynamic studies showed strong seasonal variations, the patterns of which were focal and even erratic in space and time. Snail densities and cercarial infection rates (0.85% overall in B. pfeifferi) were low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
本文总结了一系列关于布隆迪曼氏血吸虫病流行病学、发病率及传播情况的研究结果，并讨论了这些结果对疾病控制的影响。主要流行地区是因博低地，包括鲁济济平原、布琼布拉城市中心以及坦噶尼喀湖沿岸；在科霍哈湖周边的高地发现了一个新的小流行区。在这4个流行区对5%-10%的人口样本进行重复28毫克加藤涂片检查，结果显示感染率分别为33%、26%、17%、19%，平均（阳性）虫卵负荷分别为每克110、105、92、144个虫卵。估计高危人群总数为40万人，可检测出的病例总数为9万人。亚区域、地方甚至局部层面的感染率和感染强度差异很大。与年龄和性别相关的感染率和感染强度在儿童和青少年中呈现典型峰值，但在许多地区成年人中的感染率仍相对较高；这些模式因地区而异，可能与生态环境和与水的接触有关。发病率研究表明，无论儿童还是成人，血吸虫病相关的发病率，如（血性）腹泻、肝肿大和脾肿大，主要出现在感染率超过30%-40%的地区。中间宿主为费氏拟钉螺（因博地区）、苏丹拟钉螺（坦噶尼喀湖沼泽地区）和斯坦利拟钉螺（科霍哈地区）。种群动态研究显示出强烈的季节性变化，其模式在空间和时间上具有局部性甚至不稳定性。钉螺密度和尾蚴感染率（费氏拟钉螺总体感染率为0.85%）较低。（摘要截选至250字）
