Science. 1988 Feb 26;239(4843):992-7. doi: 10.1126/science.239.4843.992.
Experiments to investigate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction, are described. The experiments involve measurements of the escape rate of the junction from its zero voltage state. Low temperature measurements of the escape rate for junctions that are either nearly undamped or moderately damped agree very closely with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling, with no adjustable parameters. Microwave spectroscopy reveals quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations. The system can be regarded as a "macroscopic nucleus with wires."
描述了用于研究宏观自由度量子行为的实验，即约瑟夫森隧道结的相位差。实验涉及测量结从零电压状态的逃逸率。对于几乎无阻尼或适度阻尼的结，低温下测量的逃逸率与宏观量子隧道的预测非常吻合，没有可调参数。微波光谱学揭示了结的势阱中的量子化能级，与量子力学计算非常吻合。该系统可以被视为“带有导线的宏观原子核”。
