Clarke John, Wilhelm Frank K
Department of Physics,366 LeConte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1031-42. doi: 10.1038/nature07128.
Superconducting circuits are macroscopic in size but have generic quantum properties such as quantized energy levels, superposition of states, and entanglement, all of which are more commonly associated with atoms. Superconducting quantum bits (qubits) form the key component of these circuits. Their quantum state is manipulated by using electromagnetic pulses to control the magnetic flux, the electric charge or the phase difference across a Josephson junction (a device with nonlinear inductance and no energy dissipation). As such, superconducting qubits are not only of considerable fundamental interest but also might ultimately form the primitive building blocks of quantum computers.
超导电路尺寸宏观，但具有诸如量子化能级、态叠加和纠缠等一般量子特性，所有这些特性通常更多地与原子相关联。超导量子比特（qubits）构成了这些电路的关键组件。它们的量子态通过使用电磁脉冲来控制磁通量、电荷或约瑟夫森结（一种具有非线性电感且无能量耗散的器件）两端的相位差来进行操纵。因此，超导量子比特不仅具有相当大的基础研究价值，而且最终可能构成量子计算机的基本构建模块。
