Martin Claudia, Moeder Monika, Daniel Xavier, Krauss Gudrun, Schlosser Dietmar
UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Aug 1;41(15):5395-402. doi: 10.1021/es0711462.
Micropollutants found in aquatic environments have increasingly raised concerns with respect to their uncertain environmental fate and potentially adverse effects on human health and the environment. The biodegradability of two major representatives of the polycyclic musk fragrances, Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide (AHTN), and the formation of biotransformation metabolites, were investigated with Myrioconium sp. strain UHH 1-13-18-4 and Clavariopsis aquatica, two mitosporic fungi derived from freshwater environments. A particular focus was to assess the effects of extracellular oxidoreductases such as laccases, which are produced by the investigated fungi under certain conditions, on HHCB and AHTN. The fungi converted HHCB and AHTN into various products via initial hydroxylation at different carbon positions. Further metabolism resulted in the subsequent formation of diketone, peroxide, and O-methylated derivatives. Isolated laccases of the investigated fungi were able to oxidize HHCB and AHTN and catalyzed the formation of the metabolite HHCB-lactone from HHCB. At particular environmental situations also specified within the present study, biotransformations catalyzed by fungi occurring in freshwater environments may be considered when addressing the fate of polycyclic musks in freshwater systems and potential biological effects of their degradation metabolites.
在水生环境中发现的微污染物，因其不确定的环境归宿以及对人类健康和环境潜在的不利影响，日益引起人们的关注。利用从淡水环境中分离得到的两种有丝孢真菌——Myrioconium sp. 菌株UHH 1-13-18-4和水生炭角菌，研究了多环麝香香料的两种主要代表物质——佳乐麝香（HHCB）和吐纳麝香（AHTN）的生物降解性以及生物转化代谢产物的形成。特别关注的是评估在特定条件下由所研究真菌产生的胞外氧化还原酶（如漆酶）对HHCB和AHTN的影响。这些真菌通过在不同碳位的初始羟基化作用，将HHCB和AHTN转化为各种产物。进一步的代谢导致随后二酮、过氧化物和O-甲基化衍生物的形成。所研究真菌分离出的漆酶能够氧化HHCB和AHTN，并催化从HHCB形成代谢产物HHCB-内酯。在本研究中明确指出的特定环境情况下，在探讨淡水系统中多环麝香的归宿及其降解代谢产物的潜在生物效应时，可能需要考虑淡水环境中真菌催化的生物转化作用。
