Jackson Debra, Firtko Angela, Edenborough Michel
School of Nursing, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia.
J Adv Nurs. 2007 Oct;60(1):1-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04412.x.
This paper is a report of a literature review to explore the concept of personal resilience as a strategy for responding to workplace adversity and to identify strategies to enhance personal resilience in nurses.
Workplace adversity in nursing is associated with excessive workloads, lack of autonomy, bullying and violence and organizational issues such as restructuring, and has been associated with problems retaining nurses in the workforce. However, despite these difficulties many nurses choose to remain in nursing, and survive and even thrive despite a climate of workplace adversity.
The literature CINAHL, EBSCO, Medline and Pubmed databases were searched from 1996 to 2006 using the keywords 'resilience', 'resilience in nursing', and 'workplace adversity' together with 'nursing'. Papers in English were included.
Resilience is the ability of an individual to positively adjust to adversity, and can be applied to building personal strengths in nurses through strategies such as: building positive and nurturing professional relationships; maintaining positivity; developing emotional insight; achieving life balance and spirituality; and, becoming more reflective.
Our findings suggest that nurses can actively participate in the development and strengthening of their own personal resilience to reduce their vulnerability to workplace adversity and thus improve the overall healthcare setting. We recommend that resilience-building be incorporated into nursing education and that professional support should be encouraged through mentorship programmes outside nurses' immediate working environments.
本文是一篇文献综述报告，旨在探讨个人复原力这一应对工作场所逆境的策略概念，并确定增强护士个人复原力的策略。
护理工作场所的逆境与工作量过大、缺乏自主权、欺凌和暴力以及诸如重组等组织问题相关，并且与护理人员队伍中护士留用问题有关。然而，尽管存在这些困难，许多护士仍选择留在护理行业，在工作场所逆境的环境中生存甚至发展。
使用关键词“复原力”“护理中的复原力”“工作场所逆境”以及“护理”，对1996年至2006年的CINAHL、EBSCO、Medline和Pubmed数据库中的文献进行检索。纳入英文论文。
复原力是个体积极适应逆境的能力，可通过以下策略应用于培养护士的个人优势：建立积极且滋养性的职业关系；保持积极心态；培养情感洞察力；实现生活平衡与精神追求；以及增强反思能力。
我们的研究结果表明，护士可以积极参与自身个人复原力的培养与强化，以降低其在工作场所逆境中的脆弱性，从而改善整体医疗环境。我们建议将复原力培养纳入护理教育，并通过护士直接工作环境之外的导师计划鼓励提供专业支持。
