Kulkarni Prashant S, Crespo João G, Afonso Carlos A M
CQFM, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Environ Int. 2008 Jan;34(1):139-53. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.07.009. Epub 2007 Sep 10.
Dioxins are highly toxic and ubiquitous compounds that are unintentional by-products of several chemical processes on earth. According to the earth pollutant terminology, they are next to the nuclear catastrophes. It is because of their concerns over adverse health effects, a number of countries have introduced stringent emission standards. The present review focuses on entire sources of dioxins present in the environment. They are broadly classified into four major categories such as, incineration, combustion, industrial and reservoir sources. State-of-the-art remediation technologies available for reducing dioxins formation and emission from the important sources such as, flue gas, fly ash and soil were described in detail. Further, in order to get a comprehensive perception about the dioxins subject, topics such as, dioxins transfer in the environment, their mode of action, toxicity equivalence factor, exposure and health risk assessment were highlighted in brief in the introduction. A future prospects based on the findings of the review was discussed at the end.
二噁英是剧毒且普遍存在的化合物，是地球上多种化学过程产生的无意副产品。根据地球污染物术语，它们仅次于核灾难。由于人们担心其对健康的不利影响，许多国家已出台严格的排放标准。本综述聚焦于环境中二噁英的所有来源。它们大致分为四大类，如焚烧、燃烧、工业和储存源。详细描述了可用于减少来自重要来源（如烟气、飞灰和土壤）的二噁英形成和排放的先进修复技术。此外，为了全面了解二噁英主题，在引言中简要强调了诸如二噁英在环境中的转移、其作用方式、毒性当量因子、暴露和健康风险评估等主题。最后根据综述结果讨论了未来前景。
