Dierdorff Erich C, Morgeson Frederick P
Kellstadt Graduate School of Business, Department of Management, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60604-2287, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2007 Sep;92(5):1228-41. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1228.
Although role theory has long described how expectations shape role behavior, little empirical research has examined differences among work role requirements and how features of the discrete occupational context may influence the extent to which role expectations are shared among role holders. The authors examined consensus in work role requirements from a sample of over 20,000 incumbents across 98 occupations. They found that consensus systematically decreased as work role requirements ranged from molecular tasks to responsibilities to molar traits. In addition, they found that consensus in these work role requirements was significantly influenced by the amount of interdependence, autonomy, and routinization present in the surrounding task and social contexts.
尽管角色理论长期以来一直在描述期望如何塑造角色行为，但很少有实证研究考察工作角色要求之间的差异，以及不同职业背景的特征如何影响角色承担者之间角色期望的共享程度。作者从98种职业的2万多名在职人员样本中考察了工作角色要求的共识情况。他们发现，随着工作角色要求从分子任务到职责再到总体特征，共识系统性地降低。此外，他们发现这些工作角色要求的共识受到周围任务和社会环境中相互依存、自主性和常规化程度的显著影响。
